TY  - CONF
AU  - Kulić, Gordana
AU  - Radojičić, Vesna
AU  - Mandić, Nemanja
AU  - Malnar, Maja
PY  - 2017
UR  - https://agrosym.ues.rs.ba/article/showpdf/BOOK_OF_PROCEEDINGS_2017_FINAL.pdf
UR  - http://aspace.agrif.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6583
AB  - Virginia type of tobacco is used in the highest percentage in the mixture for making
cigarettes. Important factors for the formation of quality features of Virginia are
environmental conditions of manufacturing but preferably the well regulated drying process.
Drying of these tobacco types is performed in special dryers with controlled conditions (flue
curing-FC). Since the price of energy source for drying process participate the greatest deal in
total expenses during the production and processing of tobacco, the scope of the experiment
was to determine the possibilities of drying tobacco in a natural condition (air curing-AC).
Material for research the first-class middle leaves of Virginia tobacco type, variety Heveshi -
9, were produced in Vojvodina area (Srem - Maradik), vintage 2015.
The experimental results showed that the way of drying affects the appearance and color of
leaves, chemical characteristics of tobacco and duration of the drying process. Considerable
differences of chemical composition between flue curing and air curing tobacco were found as
follows (% in dry matter): 2.03 and 2.25 (nicotine), 1.80 and 2.73 (total N), 0.87 and 2.06
(protein N), 5.46 and 6.60 (total proteins), 19.39 and 1.96 (reducing sugars), 11.61 and 15.43
(ash), 1.48 and 8.91 (sand), 5.19 and 5.92 (pH), respectively. The leaves dried in natural
condition (AC) had dark color (dark Virginia) and rough nervature. Although drying in a
natural condition brings cost savings in energy, the process is longer by 24 days comparing to
flue curing.
PB  - University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia
PB  - University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia
PB  - Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy
PB  - ...
C3  - AGROSYM 2017
T1  - EFFECT OF DRYING MODE ON THE CHANGES OF VIRGINIA TOBACCO TYPE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION
EP  - 1332
SP  - 1327
UR  - https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_agrospace_6583
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kulić, Gordana and Radojičić, Vesna and Mandić, Nemanja and Malnar, Maja",
year = "2017",
abstract = "Virginia type of tobacco is used in the highest percentage in the mixture for making
cigarettes. Important factors for the formation of quality features of Virginia are
environmental conditions of manufacturing but preferably the well regulated drying process.
Drying of these tobacco types is performed in special dryers with controlled conditions (flue
curing-FC). Since the price of energy source for drying process participate the greatest deal in
total expenses during the production and processing of tobacco, the scope of the experiment
was to determine the possibilities of drying tobacco in a natural condition (air curing-AC).
Material for research the first-class middle leaves of Virginia tobacco type, variety Heveshi -
9, were produced in Vojvodina area (Srem - Maradik), vintage 2015.
The experimental results showed that the way of drying affects the appearance and color of
leaves, chemical characteristics of tobacco and duration of the drying process. Considerable
differences of chemical composition between flue curing and air curing tobacco were found as
follows (% in dry matter): 2.03 and 2.25 (nicotine), 1.80 and 2.73 (total N), 0.87 and 2.06
(protein N), 5.46 and 6.60 (total proteins), 19.39 and 1.96 (reducing sugars), 11.61 and 15.43
(ash), 1.48 and 8.91 (sand), 5.19 and 5.92 (pH), respectively. The leaves dried in natural
condition (AC) had dark color (dark Virginia) and rough nervature. Although drying in a
natural condition brings cost savings in energy, the process is longer by 24 days comparing to
flue curing.",
publisher = "University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy, ...",
journal = "AGROSYM 2017",
title = "EFFECT OF DRYING MODE ON THE CHANGES OF VIRGINIA TOBACCO TYPE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION",
pages = "1332-1327",
url = "https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_agrospace_6583"
}

Kulić, G., Radojičić, V., Mandić, N.,& Malnar, M.. (2017). EFFECT OF DRYING MODE ON THE CHANGES OF VIRGINIA TOBACCO TYPE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION. in AGROSYM 2017
University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia., 1327-1332.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_agrospace_6583

Kulić G, Radojičić V, Mandić N, Malnar M. EFFECT OF DRYING MODE ON THE CHANGES OF VIRGINIA TOBACCO TYPE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION. in AGROSYM 2017. 2017;:1327-1332.
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_agrospace_6583 .

Kulić, Gordana, Radojičić, Vesna, Mandić, Nemanja, Malnar, Maja, "EFFECT OF DRYING MODE ON THE CHANGES OF VIRGINIA TOBACCO TYPE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION" in AGROSYM 2017 (2017):1327-1332,
https://hdl.handle.net/21.15107/rcub_agrospace_6583 .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Kulić, Gordana
AU  - Mandić, Nemanja
AU  - Radojičić, Vesna
AU  - Malnar, Maja
PY  - 2016
UR  - https://agrosym.ues.rs.ba/article/showpdf/BOOK%20OF%20PROCEEDINGS%202016%20FINAL.pdf
UR  - http://aspace.agrif.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6581
AB  - Due to the rise of industrialization and urbanization, the amount of waste is gradually increasing as well, both in developed and developing countries. Tobacco waste generates in all processes it starts in the field and ends up with the production of cigarettes. The total global tobacco waste production in the year 2005 was more than 25.1 million tons. In our experiments we used Virginia tobacco waste (TW) after processing, as well as sheep and chicken droppings. Two experimental samples were formed according to the following scheme: I 50% TW + 50% sheep droppings, II 50% TW + 50% chicken droppings. The comparison is made with the reference sample (100% TW). The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, under natural conditions, in the open, during the three months period. The nicotine content in the samples was determined by a HPLC method. At the beginning of the experiment, the nicotine content in the tobacco waste was 17 363 mg/kg. By adding sheep and chicken droppings, nicotine content decreased by 66,5%. At the end of the research, nicotine content was dropped below 10 mg/kg in both experimental samples. The results confirmed that the organic material, sheep and chicken manure, can be successfully used for composting tobacco waste, primarily in order to reduce the nicotine content. Composting can be done in the open air and on the site where the waste is made, thereby it reduces energy costs, and what's the most important - the costs of transport.
PB  - University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia
PB  - University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia
PB  - Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy
PB  - ...
C3  - AGROSYM 2016
T1  - THE REDUCTION OF NICOTINE CONTENT IN THE COMPOSTING PROCESS OF TOBACCO WASTE MIXING WITH SHEEP AND CHICKEN DROPPINGS
DO  - 10.7251/AGRENG1607319
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Kulić, Gordana and Mandić, Nemanja and Radojičić, Vesna and Malnar, Maja",
year = "2016",
abstract = "Due to the rise of industrialization and urbanization, the amount of waste is gradually increasing as well, both in developed and developing countries. Tobacco waste generates in all processes it starts in the field and ends up with the production of cigarettes. The total global tobacco waste production in the year 2005 was more than 25.1 million tons. In our experiments we used Virginia tobacco waste (TW) after processing, as well as sheep and chicken droppings. Two experimental samples were formed according to the following scheme: I 50% TW + 50% sheep droppings, II 50% TW + 50% chicken droppings. The comparison is made with the reference sample (100% TW). The experiment was conducted at the experimental farm of the Faculty of Agriculture, under natural conditions, in the open, during the three months period. The nicotine content in the samples was determined by a HPLC method. At the beginning of the experiment, the nicotine content in the tobacco waste was 17 363 mg/kg. By adding sheep and chicken droppings, nicotine content decreased by 66,5%. At the end of the research, nicotine content was dropped below 10 mg/kg in both experimental samples. The results confirmed that the organic material, sheep and chicken manure, can be successfully used for composting tobacco waste, primarily in order to reduce the nicotine content. Composting can be done in the open air and on the site where the waste is made, thereby it reduces energy costs, and what's the most important - the costs of transport.",
publisher = "University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy, ...",
journal = "AGROSYM 2016",
title = "THE REDUCTION OF NICOTINE CONTENT IN THE COMPOSTING PROCESS OF TOBACCO WASTE MIXING WITH SHEEP AND CHICKEN DROPPINGS",
doi = "10.7251/AGRENG1607319"
}

Kulić, G., Mandić, N., Radojičić, V.,& Malnar, M.. (2016). THE REDUCTION OF NICOTINE CONTENT IN THE COMPOSTING PROCESS OF TOBACCO WASTE MIXING WITH SHEEP AND CHICKEN DROPPINGS. in AGROSYM 2016
University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia..
https://doi.org/10.7251/AGRENG1607319

Kulić G, Mandić N, Radojičić V, Malnar M. THE REDUCTION OF NICOTINE CONTENT IN THE COMPOSTING PROCESS OF TOBACCO WASTE MIXING WITH SHEEP AND CHICKEN DROPPINGS. in AGROSYM 2016. 2016;.
doi:10.7251/AGRENG1607319 .

Kulić, Gordana, Mandić, Nemanja, Radojičić, Vesna, Malnar, Maja, "THE REDUCTION OF NICOTINE CONTENT IN THE COMPOSTING PROCESS OF TOBACCO WASTE MIXING WITH SHEEP AND CHICKEN DROPPINGS" in AGROSYM 2016 (2016),
https://doi.org/10.7251/AGRENG1607319 . .

TY  - CONF
AU  - Malnar, Maja
AU  - Radojičić, Vesna
AU  - Kulić, Gordana
AU  - Mandić, Nemanja
AU  - Skočić, Savo
PY  - 2016
UR  - http://aspace.agrif.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/6582
AB  - The reduction of world`s fossil fuel reserves, as well as concern environmental pollution,
encourages the use of renewable energy sources. In the Republic of Serbia, biomass from
agriculture represents a significant energy potential. The aim of this paper was to examine the
possibility of using tobacco stalks as biofuels, considering that each year, after the harvest of
leaves, about 70 000 tons of stalks from all tobacco types remains in the fields. The material used
in this study were Burley tobacco stalks, sawdust from beech wood and wheat straw, which were
chosen due to the fact that they are already in use as biofuel. In the first part of the experiment the
ash content in all samples was determined, which is used to predict the higher heating value
(HHV). The HHV as a function of ash content (ash, wt %) was calculated using the equation by
Sheng and Azevedo. The experimental determination of the calorific value of all samples in a
calorimetric bomb was conducted in the second part of the study. Based on predicted (18208.18
kJ/kg) and experimentally determined HHV of tobacco stalks (17504.44 kJ/kg), as well as
comparisons with other forms of biomass, it was concluded that Burley tobacco stalks can be
used as biofuel. Experimental values of tobacco stalks are only 9% lower in relation to HHV of
beech sawdust. Tobacco stalks and wheat straw have the approximate values of HHV.
PB  - University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia
PB  - University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia
PB  - Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy
PB  - International Society of Environment and Rural Development, Japan
PB  - ...
C3  - AGROSYM 2016
T1  - THE POSSIBILITY OF USING BURLEY TOBACCO STALKS AS A BIOFUEL
EP  - 2100
SP  - 2095
DO  - 10.7251/AGRENG1607313
ER  - 

@conference{
author = "Malnar, Maja and Radojičić, Vesna and Kulić, Gordana and Mandić, Nemanja and Skočić, Savo",
year = "2016",
abstract = "The reduction of world`s fossil fuel reserves, as well as concern environmental pollution,
encourages the use of renewable energy sources. In the Republic of Serbia, biomass from
agriculture represents a significant energy potential. The aim of this paper was to examine the
possibility of using tobacco stalks as biofuels, considering that each year, after the harvest of
leaves, about 70 000 tons of stalks from all tobacco types remains in the fields. The material used
in this study were Burley tobacco stalks, sawdust from beech wood and wheat straw, which were
chosen due to the fact that they are already in use as biofuel. In the first part of the experiment the
ash content in all samples was determined, which is used to predict the higher heating value
(HHV). The HHV as a function of ash content (ash, wt %) was calculated using the equation by
Sheng and Azevedo. The experimental determination of the calorific value of all samples in a
calorimetric bomb was conducted in the second part of the study. Based on predicted (18208.18
kJ/kg) and experimentally determined HHV of tobacco stalks (17504.44 kJ/kg), as well as
comparisons with other forms of biomass, it was concluded that Burley tobacco stalks can be
used as biofuel. Experimental values of tobacco stalks are only 9% lower in relation to HHV of
beech sawdust. Tobacco stalks and wheat straw have the approximate values of HHV.",
publisher = "University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia, University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Serbia, Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari (CIHEAM - IAMB) Italy, International Society of Environment and Rural Development, Japan, ...",
journal = "AGROSYM 2016",
title = "THE POSSIBILITY OF USING BURLEY TOBACCO STALKS AS A BIOFUEL",
pages = "2100-2095",
doi = "10.7251/AGRENG1607313"
}

Malnar, M., Radojičić, V., Kulić, G., Mandić, N.,& Skočić, S.. (2016). THE POSSIBILITY OF USING BURLEY TOBACCO STALKS AS A BIOFUEL. in AGROSYM 2016
University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Agriculture, Republic of Srpska, Bosnia., 2095-2100.
https://doi.org/10.7251/AGRENG1607313

Malnar M, Radojičić V, Kulić G, Mandić N, Skočić S. THE POSSIBILITY OF USING BURLEY TOBACCO STALKS AS A BIOFUEL. in AGROSYM 2016. 2016;:2095-2100.
doi:10.7251/AGRENG1607313 .

Malnar, Maja, Radojičić, Vesna, Kulić, Gordana, Mandić, Nemanja, Skočić, Savo, "THE POSSIBILITY OF USING BURLEY TOBACCO STALKS AS A BIOFUEL" in AGROSYM 2016 (2016):2095-2100,
https://doi.org/10.7251/AGRENG1607313 . .