The tractor running systems and soil tillage in conditions of Pančevo region marsh soils

Abstract

Adverse physico-mechanical properties of marshy soils have negative impact on tillage of those soils. Great number of crossing of agricultural mechanization influence on constantly and intensively run over the soil, their compaction and drawbar pull increase. Mass and running systems of machines have the greatest impact on soil compaction. Wheel tractors compares with crawler has greater negative impact on soil: causes more intensive compaction deeper to the soil, spoils soil structure because of high values of wheels slipping. Running systems improvements develop rubber caterpillar, which has a lot of advantages: less soil loading, influence on shallow soil layers, less penetration resistance, better drawer pull-adhesion, productive and energetic characteristics of tractors.

Nepovoljne fizičko-mehaničke osobine ritskih zemljišta negativno se odražavaju na njihovu obradu. Veliki broj prohoda sredstava mehanizacije utiče na neprestano i intenzivno gaženje zemljišta pri čemu dolazi do njegovog sabijanja i povećanja vučnih otpora. Na sabijanje zemljišta najveći uticaj imaju masa i hodni sistem mašina. Traktori točkaši (u odnosu na traktore guseničare) u većoj meri utiču negativno na zemljište: intenzivnije ga sabijaju i do veće dubine i vise kvare strukturu zemljišta zbog visokih vrednosti klizanja pogonskih točkova. Poboljšanja hodnih sistema dovela su do razvoja gumenih gusenica koje pokazuju mnoge prednosti u pogledu: manjeg pritiska na zemljište, manje dubine do koje se pritisak prostire, manjeg porasta otpora zemljišta, boljih vučno-athezionih, proizvodnih i energetskih karakteristika traktora.