The influence of the tree shape on peach fruit quality

Abstract

Four tree shapes (pal spindle, veronese spindle, veronese vase and traditional open vase) were compared on three peach cultivars (Redhaven Summerset and Cresthaven) with different ripening times. Trees were bedded on peach seedling. Trees were spaced 5 m between rows and 4 m within the row for all tree shapes. The influence of tree shape on fruit weight, flesh percentage, fruit color, total acids and soluble solids was studied during the fifth (1999) and the sixth (2000) year of cultivars age. Tree shape did not express a significant influence on fruit weight and percentage of fruit flesh. These properties were under the direct influence of a cultivar. The largest fruit weight was recorded in the cultivar Cresthaven, while the cultivar Redhaven had the lowest fruit weight. Cultivar Redhaven had the smallest values of fruit flesh percentage. Fruit colouring was under the influence of the tree shape and the cultivar. Cultivars Redhaven and Summerset showed the best fruit coloring on the veronese vase tree shape. The cultivar Cresthaven showed the best fruit coloring on the vase tree shape. The total acids content was stable, and did not change under the influence of the cultivar and the tree shape. Studied tree shapes were not affected by soluble solids content, but were influenced by a cultivar.

Za sorte breskve različitog vremena zrenja (redheven, krestheven i samerset) formirana su četiri oblika krune: pal špindel, veronsko vreteno, veronska vaza i kotlasta kruna (kontrolna varijanta). Razmak sadnje između svih varijanti ispitivanja je bio je 5x4m (500 st ha-1). U dvogodišnjem periodu ispitivano je kako oblik krune utiče na masu ploda, randman mesa ploda obojenost plodova, sadržaj ukupnih kiselina i rastvorljive suve materije. Oblik krune nije ispoljio značajniji uticaj na vrednosti mase ploda i randmana mesa ploda. Ove osobine su bile pod direktnim uticajem sorte. Najkrupnije plodove imala je sorta krestheven, a najsitnije sorta redheven koja je ujedno imala i najmanje vrednosti randmana mesa ploda. Pod uticajem oblika krune i sorte bila je obojenost ploda. Sorte redheven i samerset imale su najbolje obojene plodove na veronskoj vazi. Sorta krestheven imala je najbolje obojene plodove na stablima kotlaste krune. Sadržaj ukupnih kiselina bio je uravnotežen i nije se menjao pod uticajem sorte i oblika krune. Sadržaj rastvorljive suve materije je bio ujednačen među ispitivanim oblicima krune. Uticaj je ispoljila sorta.