Biological-pomological properties of apricot cultivars in the region of Belgrade

Abstract

The paper presents five-year study results on nine apricot cultivars relatively resistant to low temperatures (Karola, Jubilarna, Slava Đurđija Stela, Zamorozoustojčivij, Kostjuženskij, Kasna Silistrenska, Crveni Partizan and Kasna Drjanovska) as compared to standard cultivar (Mađarska Najbolja). Flowering and ripening time, coupled with major physical chemical and organoleptic fruit properties, were studied. On average flowering phenophase was in the third decade of March and lasted 10-13 days. The earliest flowering was recorded with cv Jubilarna, and the latest with cv Stela. The earliest to ripen were cvs Karola and Jubilarna (5-6 July) and the latest cv Kasna Drjanovska (26 July). The highest total yield was registered in cv Slava Đurđija ( 97.6 kg per tree) and the lowest in cv Stela (5.9 kg per tree). Most studied cultivars had moderately large fruit (40-50 g). Cvs Jubilarna and Kostjuženskij had large fruits, and cvs Stela and Karola small. Stone mass ranged from 1.56 g to 3.33 g and stone ratio from 89.86 to 94.74%. The content of soluble solids varied from 15.88 to 21.13%, in all studied cultivars being higher as compared to standard cultivar (15.32%). The content of total sugars was 9.55-14.39% and total acids 0.82-1.41%. The highest total organoleptic value was recorded with cvs Kasna Drjanovska (20.2) and Kostjuženskij (20.1), and the lowest with cv Stela (12.4). Generally, the best biological properties were registered in cvs Kostjuženskij and Kasna Drjanovska as the cultivars with combined traits, whereas cvs Jubilarna, Slava Đurđija, Zamorozoustojčivij and Kasna Silistrenska are recommended for processing.

U radu su prikazani petogodišnji rezultati proučavanja devet sorti kajsije relativno otpornih prema niskim temperaturama u poredenju sa standardnom sortom (Mađarska najbolja). Istraživanja su obuhvatala vreme cvetanja i zrenja, kao i najvažnije fizičke, hemijske i organoleptičke osobine plodova. Najbolje biološke osobine pokazale su sorte Kostjuženski i Kasna drjanovska kao sorte kombinovanih svojstava, dok su sorte Jubilarna, Slava Đurdija, Zamorozoustojčivij i Kasna silistrenska pogodne za preradu.