Control of seedborne diseases caused by viruses

Abstract

Effective control of seedborne viruses can be achieved by eliminating the source of infection. When seed infection is the main or only source of viruse, virus-free seed may provide a very effective mean for control of a disease. The most appropriate and effective method of control in potato and Allium species is to use virus-free planting stocks of virus-resistant and tolerant cultivars. Seed treatments in control of seedborne viruses involve the use of biological, chemical, physical and mechanical methods. The most commonly used are chemical and physical methods. The application of chemicals, such as hydrochloric acid, trisodium phosphate, calcium or sodium hypochlorite, to seed is the safest, cheapest and most effective mean for the inactivation of seedborne viruses. Physical control methods include the use of heat and hot water treatment to eradicate deep-seated infections from seed. Thermo therapy is used for control of seedborne viruses in cases where chemical control has been unsatisfactory.

Efikasna mera zaštite protiv virusnih oboljenja koja se prenose semenom može se postići eliminacijom početnog izvora infekcije. U slučajevima kad je prenošenje semenom osnovni ili jedini izvor virusa, korišćenje bezvirusnog semena je efikasna mera. Korišćenje bezvirusnog propagativnog materijala otpornih i tolerantnih sorti je najvažnija mera u zaštiti onih biljnih vrsta koje se razmnožavaju krtolama ili lukovicama. Tretmani dezinfekcije semena podrazumevaju primenu bioloških, hemijskih, fizičkih i mehaničkih metoda. Najčešće se za dezinfekciju semena koriste hemijske i fizičke metode. Primena hemijske dezinfekcije semena predstavlja najefikasniji, najjeftiniji i najsigurniji način inaktivacije virusa na semenu. Fizičke metode podrazumevaju korišćenje toplog vazduha ili vode i koriste se u slučajevima kad hemijska dezinfekcija nije moguća.