Greenhouse heating systems and possibilities for energy savings

Abstract

Successful greenhouse production is defined by four main factors - temperature, light, water content of the air and soil, and quality of air inside the objects. Concerning the energy consumption the greatest share in total consumed energy represent the share of direct use of energy for heating. There are various systems for greenhouse heating that enable whole-year plant production (central heating systems, unit-air heaters and infrared). Concerning the price and availability of the certain fuels in recent years, great attention is given to possibilities of using an alternative energy sources. This paper presents analysis of conventional heating systems for greenhouse production. Calculation of heating requirements for most common greenhouse structures and materials is also given. The possibilities of using an alternative energy sources are presented emphasizing the use of biomass consumption.

Faktori uspešnosti biljne proizvodnje u zaštićenom prostoru su temperatura, svetlost, vlažnost vazduha i zemljišta i sastav i kvalitet vazduha. U ukupnom bilansu utrošene energije po jedinici proizvoda, najveći udeo ima energija utrošena na zagrevaje objekta. U primeni su konvencionalni sistemi zagrevanja primenom tople vode, vodene pare i toplog vazduha. Obzirom na cenu i dostupnost goriva, sve se više pažnje posvećuje mogućnostima primene alternativnih izvora energije. U radu je dat prikaz konvencionalnih sistema zagrevanja objekata zaštićenog prostora. Izvršen je proračun energetskih potreba dva najčešće korišćena tipa objekta i razmatrana je mogućnost primene alternativnih energetskih izvora u prvom redu biomase.