Raspberry production development in function of export in Republic of Serbia

Abstract

In total fruit production structure very important position belongs to raspberry production. High level of valorization of comparative natural conditions in raspberry production achieves. It's economic importance is in extremely high level of marketing and competitiveness at EU market. On the international market, specially the market of EU countries, the increment of demand for frozen raspberry, produced on our geographic - ecological conditions is noticed. Consumers trust in raspberry quality imported from Republic of Serbia could be achieved with full respect of international ecological standards (JUS ISO 14000) by producers, as well as "EKO-sign" receiving. The areas of raspberry orchards in Republic of Serbia, in last 25 years are increased with 8500 ha (from 5000 at the end of 7th decade of XX century to 13455 ha in 2001), yields with 1900 kg/ha (from 3200 to 5088 kg/ha), but the production volume with 535001 (from 15000 to 68457 t). Expansion of raspberry production is noticed on the fanners households of western Serbian mountainous regions. The most significant producers of raspberry in the world, besides Serbia are Russian Federation, USA, Germany/Poland and Chile. In addition to increment of raspberry production, according to position of raspberry at domestic and international market, it is necessary to apply specific system measures and measures of agrarian policy (different types of cooperative production, tax, credit and policy of prices). In the production process "sustainable development method" have to be respected by linking-up the ecological and economical principles.

Malina zauzima važno mesto u strukturi voćarske proizvodnje. U proizvodnji maline postiže se visok stepen valorizacije komparativnih prirodnih uslova. Njen ekonomski značaj je u izrazito visokom stepenu robnosti i konkurentnosti na tržištu EU. Na inostranom tržištu, posebno zemalja EU, povećava se tražnja smrznute maline proizvedene u našim geografsko-ekološkim uslovima. Sigurnost potrošača u kvalitet uvezene maline iz Republike Srbije može se postići poštovanjem međunarodnih ekoloških standarda (JUS ISO 14000) od strane proizvođača, kao i dobijanjem tzv. "EKO-znaka". Površine pod malinom u Republici Srbiji u poslednjih 25 godina su povećane za oko 8500 ha (sa 5000ha krajem 70-ih godina na 13455ha 2001. godine), prinosi za oko 1900 kg/ha (sa 3200 na 5088 kg/ha), a fizički obim proizvodnje oko 53500 tona (sa 15000 na 68457 t.). Širenje proizvodnje maline je zabeleženo na površinama zemljoradničkih gazdinstava brdskog područja zapadne Srbije. Značajniji proizvođači maline u svetu, pored Srbije su: Ruska Federacija, SAD, Nemačka, Poljska i Čile. U cilju povećanja površina i proizvodnje maline, u skladu sa stanjem na domaćem i svetskom tržištu ovog proizvoda, neophodno je primeniti specifične sistemske i mere agrarne politike (razni oblici kooperativne proizvodnje, poreska, kreditna i politika cena). U procesu proizvodnje treba poštovati "metod održivog razvoja" povezivanjem ekoloških i ekonomskih principa.