Foliar fertilization with phosphorus and potassium in red clover seed production on an acidic soil

Abstract

A field trial with four red clover cultivars ('K-39', 'K-17', 'Una' and 'Viola') was conducted on a leached vertisol acid in reaction (pHH2O 4.8) to assess the effect of foliar treatment with phosphorus and potassium on seed yield and seed yield components. A single foliar application of phosphorus and potassium (P52K34) was made at the intensive growth stage during the second growth in the second year of cultivation. Seed yield and seed yield components were analyzed from the second growth in the second year of the experiment. Foliar treatment with phosphorus and potassium had a significant positive effect on seed yield and yield components in some red clover cultivars in some years. The most positive effect was recorded in 'K-17' and 'Viola'. The different effects of foliar-applied mineral fertilizers on the tested cultivars were the result of their phenotypic differences. Foliar treatment gave the best performance in 2011, when the climatic conditions were the most favorable for red clover growth and development. In general, the seed yield of red clover cultivars increased by 105 kg ha-1 under foliar fertilization. The positive effect of the foliar treatment with phosphorus and potassium was attributed to the need for these elements in many plant processes. The results showed that the foliar application of mineral fertilizers in red clover seed production on acid soils can be an acceptable practice under conditions favoring high yields.

Poljski ogled sa četiri sorte crvene dateline K-39, K-17, Una i Viola je postavljen na zemljištu tipa lesivirana smonica, kisele reakcije (pHH2O 4.8) sa ciljem da se odredi uticaj folijarnih tretmana fosforom i kalijumom na prinos i komponente prinosa semena. Folijarna primena fosfora i kalijuma (P52K34) je izvršena u fazi intenzivnog rasta tokom drugog porasta u drugoj godini proizvodnje. U periodu od cvetanja do žetve su analizirane najvažnije komponente prinosa i prinos semena. Folijarna primena fosfora i kalijuma je imala značajan pozitivan uticaj na prinos semena i komponente prinosa semena pojedinih sorti crvene deteline u pojedinim godinama. Najpozitivniji uticaj je zabležen kod sorti K-37 i viola. Različit uticaj folijarno primenjenih mineralnih hraniva na sorte je rezultat njihovih fenotipskih razlika. Folijarni tretman mineralnim hranivima je dao najbolje rezultate u 2011. godini, kada su klimatski uslovi za uspevanje crvene deteline bili najpovoljniji. Generalno posmatrano, prinos semena sorti crvene deteline je povećan pod uticajem folijarne prihrane za 105 kg ha-1. Pozitivan uticaj folijarnog tretmana fosforom i kalijumom se pripisuje neophodnosti ovih elemenata u mnogim procesima u biljci. Rezultati ukazuju da folijarna primena mineralnih hraniva u semenskoj proizvodnji crvene deteline na kiselim zemljištima može biti prihvatljiva mera u uslovima kada su obezbeđeni i ostali uslovi za postizanje visokih prinosa.