Health impact of the commercially cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus and the wild-growing mushroom Ganoderma resinaceum - A comparative overview

Abstract

The health promoting effects of hot water extracts obtained from fruiting bodies of the commercially cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus (AbHW) and the wild-growing mushroom Ganoderma resinaceum (GrHW) originating from northern Serbia are presented in this research. These abilities were compared in vitro by the prevention of lipid peroxidation (LPx) in a linoleic acid model system, inhibition of the angiotension converting I enzyme (ACE) that could help in the maintenance of a normal blood pressure level and strengthening the ability of the central cholinergic neuron by inhibiting the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Cytotoxic activities were observed towards selected human malignant (HeLa and K562) cell lines and normal-human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). GrHW contains higher phenolics (5.9 g (100 g)(-1)), inhibition of LPx (EC50 = 1.07 mg mL(-1)), ACE (IC50 = 0.54 mg mL(-1)) and AChE (IC50 = 0.37 mg mL(-1)), and exhibited a significant selectivity in the antitumour action against HeLa (IC50 = 0.14 mg mL(-1)) and K562 (IC50 = 0.11 mg mL(-1)) cells. AbHW contained higher total protein (6.4 g (100 g)(-1)), carbohydrate (75.4 g (100 g)(-1)) and beta-glucan (55.1 g (100 g)(-1)) contents and induced significant proliferation of healthy PBMC from 152-116 % in the concentration range of 0.047-0.187 mg mL(-1). The difference in the biological activity of the extracts provides guidance on their use as functional food.