The effectiveness factors of maize and sunflower production on family farms

Abstract

Success of family farms engaged exclusively in crop production is conditioned by numerous factors, which can be classified into two groups: external and internal. Family farms have no influence over external factors, such as prices of inputs and outputs or climate conditions. On the other hand, farms can significantly influence internal factors, including production structure, agrotechnology and production technology, in order to increase their business performance. The analysis of the effectiveness of maize and sunflower production was based on ten-year surveys conducted between 2009 and 2018 on family farms in Vojvodina with 10-20 ha of arable land used exclusively for crop production, organized in a three-field crop rotation. It was established that sunflower, due to its biological characteristics, has better resistance to unfavorable climatic conditions than maize, so it provides better economics results of production, contributing thus to the increase in the effectiveness of crop production on family farms.

Uspešnost poslovanja porodičnih gazdinstava usmerenih isključivo na ratarsku proizvodnju uslovljena je brojnim faktorima, koji se mogu svrstati u dve grupe: eksterne i interne. Na eksterne faktore, kao što su cene inputa i outputa i klimatski uslovi porodična gazdinstva nemaju gotovo nikakvog uticaja. Sa druge strane, na interne faktore (struktura proizvodnje, agrotehnika, tehnologija proizvodnje...) ova gazdinstva mogu značajnije uticati u cilju povećanja uspešnosti poslovanja. Na bazi rezultata desetogodišnjih anketa sprovedenih na porodičnim gazdinstvima Vojvodine, u periodu 2009-2018. veličine oraničnog zemljišta 10-20 ha, specijalizovanih isključivo za ratarsku proizvodnju, organizovanu u tropoljnom plodoredu izvršeno je ispitivanje efektivnosti proizvodnje kukuruza i suncokreta. Ustanovljeno je da suncokret, zahvaljujući svojim biološkim karakteristikama, bolje podnosi nepovoljne klimatske uslove od kukuruza, obezbeđuje povoljnije rezultate, pa samim tim doprinosi povećanju efektivnosti ratarske proizvodnje na porodičnim gazdinstvima.