Variability of red clover genotypes on the basis of agronomic traits, morphological and microsatellite markers

Abstract

Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is cross-pollinated plant species which is characterized by gametophytic self-incompatibility, and its populations are heterogeneous with heterozygous genotypes. The prior characterization and evaluation of samples that are in the collections of germplasm are important for using plant genetic resources in breeding programs. A thorough and comprehensive description of red clover germplasm is one of the main prerequisites for achieving a successful breeding. The aim of this doctoral thesis was to evaluate the phenotype variability of 46 genotypes of red clover as part of the collection of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops in Novi Sad, on the basis of agronomically important traits and morphological markers by UPOV. Molecular characterization of 46 genotypes of red clover was performed by applying the set of 15 microsatellite markers in order to establish the genetic variability of selected materials and its importance in breeding for certain agronomically important traits. In addition, in the tested material were determined certain important quality parameters: crude protein (CP) content, acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Through the analysis of four morphological traits (growth habit, density of hairs, leaf color and intensity of white marks) and one phenological trait) it was determined a high level of diversity of red clover genotypes and time of flowering is defined as the descriptor of the greatest discriminatory power. There was some degree of consensus in grouping genotypes using the analysis of homogeneity in relation to cluster analysis. In determining the morphological similarities and determining the qualities that contribute most to the discrimination of genotypes of red clover, homogeneity analysis has proven to be better compared to the cluster method...

Crvena detelina (Trifolium pratense L.) je izrazito stranooplodna biljna vrsta koja se odlikuje gametofitskim sistemom inkompatibilnosti, a populacije su heterogene i sastoje se od heterozigotnih genotipova. Da bi biljni genetički resursi mogli biti korišćeni u programima oplemenjivanja, neophodno je izvršiti prethodnu karakterizaciju i evaluaciju uzoraka, koji se nalaze u kolekcijama germplazme. Precizan i sveobuhvatan opis germplazme crvene deteline je jedan od osnovnih preduslova u ostvarivanju uspešnog oplemenjivanja. Cilj ove doktorske disertacije je obuhvatao evaluaciju fenotipske varijabilnosti 46 genotipova crvene deteline koji su deo kolekcije Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo u Novom Sadu, a na osnovu agronomski značajnih osobina i morfoloških markera po UPOV-u. Primenom odabranog seta od 15 mikrosatelitskih markera izvršena je molekularna karakterizacija 46 genotipova crvene deteline, kako bi se ustanovila genetička varijabilnost materijala i njegov značaj za oplemenjivanje na određene agronomski važne osobine. Osim toga, kod ispitivanih genotipova crvene deteline su određeni i značajni parametri kvaliteta: sadržaj sirovih proteina, vlakna nerastvorljiva u kiselom deterdžentu (ADF-acid detergent fiber) i vlakna nerastvorljiva u neutralnom deterdžentu (NDF- neutral detergent fiber). Na osnovu analize četiri morfološke osobine (forma rasta, maljavost stabljike, boja lista i intenzitet obojenosti pege na listu) i jedne fenološke osobine (vreme cvetanja), utvrđen je visok nivo diverziteta ispitivanih genotipova crvene deteline, a vreme cvetanja je određeno kao deskriptor najveće diskriminacione moći. Postignut je određeni stepen saglasnosti u grupisanju genotipova primenom analize homogenosti u odnosu na klaster analizu. Pri utvrđivanju morfološke sličnosti i određivanju osobina koje najviše doprinose diskriminaciji genotipova crvene deteline metod analize homogenosti se pokazao kao bolji u odnosu na klaster metod...