Bacterial blight of grapevine: Xylophilus ampelinus

Abstract

Bacterial blight of grapevine, caused by phytopathogenic bacterium Xylophilus ampelinus, is economically important disease that can significantly affect grapevine production, leading to the overall yield reduction and reduced vitality of infected grapevines. In regions where disease was recorded, losses in production, especially in susceptible varieties, can reach up to 80% of total yield. The bacterium infects only grapevine. In infected plants, the pathogen is located in the vascular tissues (xylem) from where it spreads further, causing a systemic infection of the host plant. During vegetation it is transmitted from plant to plant to short distance and the main source of inoculum for long distance dissemination are infected cuttings used either as rootstocks or grafting material. There are no completely resistant varieties or effective methods for controlling the disease. In Serbia X. ampelinus has a quarantine status. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to prevent introduction of the pathogen by inspecting the health of reproductive plant material, especially of those originating from countries where the pathogen is already present.

Bakteriozna plamenjača vinove loze, koju prouzrokuje fitopatogena bakterija Xylophilus ampelinus, je ekonomski značajno oboljenje koje može ugroziti proizvodnju vinove loze umanjujući ukupan prinos i smanjujući dugovečnost zaraženih biljaka. U regionima gde je zabeleženo prisustvo bolesti gubici u proizvodnji, naročito kod osetljivih sorti, mogu dostići i do 80% ukupnog prinosa. Krug domaćina ove bakterije ograničen je samo na vinovu lozu. U zaraženim biljkama patogen se nalazi u sudovnom sistemu (ksilemu) odakle se dalje širi prouzrokujući sistemičnu infekciju biljke domaćina. Tokom vegetacije prenosi se u neposrednoj okolini izvora zaraze sa biljke na biljku, a na veću udaljenost zaraženim sadnim materijalom koji predstavlja primarni izvor inokuluma. Ne postoje potpuno otporne sorte ni dovoljno efikasne metode zaštite od ove bolesti. U Srbiji X. ampelinus ima karantinski status. Stoga je od najvećeg značaja sprečavanje unošenja patogena kontrolom zdravstvene ispravnosti biljnog materijala za reprodukciju, posebno iz zemalja gde je utvrđeno prisustvo patogena.