Phenological characteristics, yield and fruit quality of medium-late ripening plum cultivars in the region of Belgrade

Abstract

Phenological characteristics, yield and fruit quality of 14 medium-late ripening plum cultivars, were studied in the region of Belgrade during the five-year period (2013-2017). The control cultivar for comparison was 'Čačanska rodna'. Flowering of tested cultivars occurred in the first half of April, and fruit maturation was in the first half of August. The average yield per tree was the lowest in the 'Nevena' cultivar (1.6 kg), and the highest in the 'Mildora' cultivar (22.5 kg). Compared to the control cultivar, significantly lower yield was achieved in seven cultivars. The lowest vigor was determined in the standard cultivar ('Čačanska rodna'), and the highest in the 'Milka' cultivar. The average fruit weight ranged from 19.5 g in the 'Nevena' cultivar to 50.5 g in the 'Valor' cultivar. Compared to the control, fruit weight was statistically significantly higher in five cultivars. In all studied cultivars, the high soluble solids content (over 17%) was found, while in cultivars 'Mildora' and 'Valor' it was significantly higher than in the control. On the basis of the obtained results, as regards cultivation in the region of Belgrade, it is possible to recommend the following cultivars: 'Valor' and 'Čačanska najbolja' as predominantly table cultivars (for fresh consumption), 'Jojo' and 'Vengerka krupna slatka' as cultivars of combined characteristics and 'Mildora' as a cultivar for processing.

U periodu od pet godina (2013-2017) na području Beograda ispitivane su fenološke osobine, rodnost i kvalitet ploda 14 sorti šljive srednje poznog vremena zrenja. Kao standard za poređenje je uzeta sorta Čačanska rodna. Prosečno vreme cvetanja je bilo u prvoj polovini aprila, a zrenja plodova u prvoj polovini avgusta. Najmanji prinos po stablu imala je sorta Nevena (1,6 kg), a najviši sorta Mildora (22,5 kg). Statistički značajno niži prinos u odnosu na standard imalo je sedam sorti. Najmanja bujnost je utvrđena kod standard sorte (Čačanska rodna), a najveća kod sorte Milka. Prosečna masa ploda je iznosila od 19,5 g (Nevena) do 50,5 g (Valor). U poređenju sa kontrolom, masa ploda je bila statistički značajno veća kod pet sorti. Sve sorte su imale visok sadržaj rastvorljive suve materije (iznad 17%), dok je kod sorti Mildora i Valor on bio značajno viši u odnosu na kontrolu. Na osnovu rezultata istraživanja, za gajenje se mogu preporučiti sledeće sorte: Valor i Čačanska najbolja kao pretežno stone sorte, Jojo i Vengerka krupna slatka kao sorte kombinovanih svojstava, i Mildora kao sorta za preradu.