Properties and aspects in foreign trade concerning fresh and processed fruits in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia

Abstract

In the early nineties', a gradual stabilization in terms of the increase in the export of fresh and processed fruits (small fruits and sour cherry) occurred. Due to sanctions imposed on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, a rise in demand at the foreign market for fresh and processed fruits had no effect on production development and foreign trade of the stated items in Yugoslavia over the same period. A positive rising trade balance (from 84.96 to 93.47 mil.$) is a fundamental trait in terms of foreign trade. Fresh and processed fruit export resulted in a substantial decrease in negative trade balance of the agroindustrial sector. Plum, up to recently a leading fruit crop, has been surpassed by small fruits and sour cherry. The import of the fruits with no limiting factors in terms of the production (plum, hazelnut walnut, apple, etc) cannot be justified. The mentioned import has mainly been determined by the differences in domestic and foreign prices. The highest share of the import has been realized via few countries due to non-developed relations concerning the foreign trade between Yugoslavia and abroad. Systematic measures should lead to adaptation of economy sectors towards the foreign market requirements, which primarily relates to agricultural households as a basic sector in fruit growing.

Polazeći od prirodnih uslova i rasta tražnje za voćem i prerađevinama voća na svetskom tržištu, u radu je izučavana spoljnotrgovinska razmena svežeg voća i prerađevina od voća u SR Jugoslaviji. U analizu je uključeno 10 najvažnijih proizvoda. Sagledane su tendencije promena u zastupljenosti voća i prerađevina od voća u strukturi izvoza i uvoza agrarnih proizvoda. Na osnovu kretanja vrednosti izvoza i uvoza voća i prerađevina, izračunati su devizni efekti, odnosno trgovinski bilans voćarsko-prerađivačkog sektora u celini i po vrstama najznačajnijih proizvodnji. U radu su izučeni osnovni faktori od kojih zavise promené u spoljnotrgovinskoj razmeni voća i prerađevina voća. Ukazano je i na mogućnosti i pravce uvoza u skladu sa tendencijama i mogućnostima izvoza voća i prerađevina. Na osnovu dobijenih rezultata o prometu voća i prerađevina u SR Jugoslaviji, predlaže se prilagođavanje sistemskih mera agrarne politike za podsticanje razvoja proizvodnje voća i njegovih prerađevina za potrebe izvoza.