Distribution, biology and harmfulness of carrot psyllid Bactericera trigonica (Hodkinson, 1981) (Hemiptera, Triozidae) in Serbia

Abstract

Carrot psyllid Bactericera trigonica belongs to the family Triozidae, superfamily Psylloidea, order Hemiptera. Together with onion psyllid (B. tremblayi) and potato psyllid (B. nigricornis), it is a member of the complex Bactericera nigricornis Foerster with morphologically and bioecologically very similar species. It was originally described by Hodkinson (1981) as Trioza trigonica based on the analysis of adults collected from the carrots in Portugal, Italy, Cyprus, Turkey, Egypt and Iran. Later it has been transferred to the genus Bactericera together with the two other species from this complex. Adults and larvae B. trigonica, feed on carrot leaf and other Apiaceae. If they appears in large number, they can lead to chlorosis and leaf yellowing, which causes a yield reduction. Besides direct damage, its vector role of bacteria “Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum” has been determined, which leads to root proliferation and weakening of plants from Apiaceae family due to chlorosis. Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum has been known in North Africa and New Zealand for a long time on plants from Solanacae family, potato in the first place, while in Europe it has been determined on carrot and cellery for the first time, with B. trigonica as its vector. The presence, biology and harmfulness of B. trigonica in the region of Serbia were studyed in the period from 2014 to 2017. It was found in 2014 for the first time and since then, its presence has been determined in all researched localities, during the whole vegetative period of carrot. Besides carrot, B. trigonica has been registered on celery, parsley and wild carrot as well. It has a several generations per year, overwintering as adults.

Mrkvina lisna buva Bactericera trigonica pripada familiji Triozidae, nadfamiliji Psylloidea, redu Hemiptera. Zajedno sa lukovom lisnom buvom (B. tremblayi) i krompirovom lisnom buvom (B. nigricornis) pripada kompleksu Bactericera nigricornis Foerster, u morfološkom i bioekološkom smislu veoma sličnih vrsta. Opisana je 1981. godine kao Trioza trigonica na osnovu analize imaga sakupljanih sa mrkve iz Portugalije, Italije, Kipra, Turske, Egipta i Irana. Kasnije je prebačena u rod Bactericera zajedno sa druge dve vrste ovog kompleksa. Imaga i larve se hrane na listu mrkve i drugih štitonoša. Ukoliko se jave u povećanoj brojnosti mogu dovesti do hloroze i žućenja lista, što ima za posledicu smanjenje prinosa. Pored direktnih šteta, utvrđena je njena vektorska uloga fastidiozne bakterije «Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum», koja na biljkama iz familije Apiaceae dovodi do proliferacije korena i hlorotičnog slabljenja. Ca. L. solanacearum je odavno poznata u Severnoj Americi i Novom Zelandu na biljkama iz familije Solanacae, prevashodno na krompiru, a u Evropi je prvi put utvrđena na mrkvi i celeru, a B. trigonica kao njen vektor. U periodu od 2014. do 2017. godine proučavano je prisustvo, biologija i štetnost B. trigonica na području Srbije. Prvi put je registrovana 2014. godine i od tada je utvrđeno njeno prisustvo u svim lokalitetima istraživanja tokom celog vegetacionog perioda mrkve. Pored mrkve, B. trigonica je registrovana na celeru, peršunu i divljoj mrkvi. U toku godine ima veći broj generacija, prezimljava u stadijumu imaga na skrovitim mestima.