Viruses of tomato with special emphasis on emerging viruses

Abstract

So far, tomato is a natural host for about 146 plant viruses, but several of them have caused a considerable economic damage constantly, such as aphid-borne viruses, Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Potato virus Y (PVY), and Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV), the thrips-transmitted Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus (TSWV) and mechanically- and seed- transmitted Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV). However, in recent years emerging viruses including Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) as well as whitefly-transmited viruses: Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) and Tomato torrado virus (ToTV) have appeared in tomato crops posing a serious threat to its production in many European countries. These viruses with a rapidly increasing incidence are considered extremely dangerous and their occurrence can be expected in our country. If the eradication of these viruses has failed or if this is not possible, other strategies are needed. In this article, specific measures for the prevention and control of these viruses are discussed.

Paradajz je domaćin oko 146 virusa, međutim samo nekoliko njih izaziva značajne ekonomske štete u kontinuitetu uključujući virus mozaika krastavca (Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV), Y virus krompira (Potato virus Y, PVY), virus bronzavosti paradajza (Tomato spotted wilt orthotospovirus, TSWV), virus mozaika lucerke (Alfalfa mosaic virus, AMV), virus mozaika duvana (Tobacco mosaic virus, TMV) i virus mozaika paradajza (Tomato mosaic virus, ToMV). Međutim, poslednjih godina značajne štete u proizvodnji paradajza u mnogim evropskih zemljama prouzrokuju 'emerging' virusi, koji se smatraju ekstremno opasnim i čija se pojava očekuje i kod nas: virus mozaika pepina (Pepino mosaic virus, PepMV) i grupa virusa koji se prenose leptirastim vašima, uključujući virus žute uvijenosti lista paradajza (Tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV), virus hloroze paradajza (Tomato chlorosis virus, ToCV), virus infektivne hloroze paradajza (Tomato infectious chlorosis virus, TICV) i torado virus paradajza (Tomato torrado virus, ToTV). Ukoliko eradikacija ovih virusa ne uspe ili nije moguća, potrebno je sprovesti druge mere za prevenciju i kontrolu oboljenja koje ovi virusi izazivaju, a koje su prodiskutovane u ovom radu.