Fertility traits of autochthonous breeds of Mangalitsa, Moravka and Resavka

Abstract

Objective of this paper was to evaluate phenotypic variability of fertility traits of indigenous breeds of Mangalitsa (Swallow-Belly Strain Mangalitsa-SBSM), Moravka breed (M) and Resavka (R). Indigenous pig populations are usually constituted by a quite low number of active boars and sows. Their pedigree information is lacking or absent, complete phenotypic description is usually not available for most of these populations that are very well adapted to specific local agro-climatic environments. In controlled herds in period of four years, the average age at first farrowing (AFF) was 18.5 months with large variability of 5.9 months for Swallow belly Mangalitsa. Less AFF (14.3 months) and less variability (4.4 months), in relation to SBSM, determined for Moravka breed while for Resavka determined age of 14.7 months with at least variability for this trait from 4.4 months. The average number of piglets born alive (for a period of four years) of SBSM was the lowest from 4.37 to 4.81; in case of M and R, this value was significantly (P lt 0.001) higher (from 5.75 to 8.17 and for R breed 6.40 to 9.00). With average duration of suckling period (duration of lactation - DL) of 52.92 days in the first year for the breed SBSM with the lowest number of reared piglets (NRP=4.10) whereas the DL for M and R breeds was shorter (from 45.75 to 52.03 day) with a higher NRP (from 4.57 to 8.92 reared piglets).

Cilj ovog rada je bio da se utvrdi fenotipska varijabilnost osobina plodnosti autohtonih rasa mangulice (lasasta mangulica-SBSM), moravke (M) i resavke (R). Autohtone populacije svinja obično čini prilično mali broj aktivnih nerasta i krmača. Informacije o poreklu često nedostaju ili su nedostupne, kompletan fenotipski opis obično nije dostupan za većinu ovih populacija koje su vrlo dobro prilagođene specifičnim lokalnim agro-klimatskim uslovima. Kod kontrolisanih zapata, u periodu od četiri godine, prosečan uzrast pri prvom prašenju (AFF) iznosio je 18,5 meseci sa velikom varijacijom od 5,9 meseci kod lasaste mangulice. Manje vrednosti AFF (14,3 meseca) i manja varijabilnost (4,4 meseca), u odnosu na SBSM, utvrđen je za moravku, dok je za resavku utvrđen uzrast od 14,7 meseca sa najmanjom varijabilnošću za ovu osobinu od 4,4 meseca. Prosečan broj živo rođene prasadi (u trajanju od četiri godine) kod SBSM, je bio najniži od 4,37 do 4,81; kod svinja M i R, ova vrednost je značajno (P lt 0,001) viša (od 5,75 do 8,17 i 6,40 do 9,00 respektivno). Prosečno trajanje perioda sisanja (trajanje laktacije - DL) od 52,92 dana u prvoj godini za rasu SBSM, sa najnižim brojem odgajenih prasadi (NRP = 4,10), dok je DL za M i R rase kraći (45,75 i 52,03 respektivno) sa većom vrednošću NRP (od 4,57 do 8,92 odgajanih prasadi).