Environmental issues of modern production technologies

Abstract

The problem of cutting difficult-to-machine materials used in the aerospace industry, aircraft industry and automobile industry, led to the development and application of today the most attractive technology for contour cutting - Abrasive Water Jet Cutting. Besides high accuracy, flexibility, and low material loss, abrasive water jet cutting can be described as 'ecological' or 'clean' technology over inert and abundant main processing substances (water, sand) and absence of airborne dust particles, smoke and fumes. The recycling of the abrasives makes the process more economical (savings of 50% in operating costs), effective and environmentally friendly (reduction in waste material). It is widely understood that modern, intensive agricultural production is based on the exploitation of natural, primarily biological, chemical and physical resources. A model indicator of environmental sustainability in rural areas and agricultural production in the form of the index is given. It contains 10 main indicators, where each indicator contains 10 variables. The indicators on which the index is calculated are: soil quality; water quality; air quality; external effects (geographic, climatic, edaphic, and others); the need for growing plant and animal products; biological efficiency; dependence on external sources of energy (biofuel); human participation component (inclination to work, training for work in rural areas); social aspects and economic impacts. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview to the environmental impact of production technologies in area of manufacturing and agricultural production.