Biotechnology in grapevine breeding

Abstract

A review of the most often used biotechnology methods in grapevine breeding are given in this paper. These are: organogenesis; somatic embryo genesis micro propagation; virus elimination from the infected plants; somaclonal variability; in vitro production of haploids; embryo culture; isolation culture and fusion of protoplast and recombinant DNA technology. Effective application of the biotechnology methods in grapevine breeding enable vegetative propagation in vitro, obtaining of new genotypes, suppress mechanism of incompatibility in and between species, gene transfer and designing of gene maps for comparing different species and cultivars and for establishing their affinity or origin. By creating new grapevine cultivars using biotechnology methods, selection can be shortened for several years. However, methods of conventional breeding should not be neglected, especially the method of combine breeding. By mutual using of all methods new grapevine genotypes could be created much faster and much more successfully.

U ovom radu dat je pregled najčešće korišćenih metoda biotehnologije u oplemenjivanju vinove loze. To su: organogeneza; somatska embriogeneza mikropropagacija; eliminacija virusa iz inficiranih biljaka; somaklonalna varijabilnost; in vitro proizvodnja haploida; kultura embriona; izolacija kultura i fuzija protoplasta i tehnologija rekombinantne DNK.