Organic viticulture in world, Serbia and region

Abstract

organic production is a process that develops a viable and legitimate agricultural ecosystems. The link between man, agriculture and local environmental conditions, provides quality food for people, plants and animals in a healthy environment. There are a few basic principles and ideas that explain the production of organic food in the ecosystem. The organic viticulture production in which there is a balance between environmental conditions, varieties and methods of cultivation. The two main factors that determine the choice of location concepts and establishing assortments. Organic viticulture is widespread mainly in the Mediterranean countries of Europe such as Italy, France and Spain. The Mediterranean climate with hot, dry summers and constant air currents limiting the development of pests and diseases on grapevines. The same concept can be seen in California, USA and South Africa. In the wine-growing countries with humid climates apply to another concept of organic viticulture, and that is the use of varieties resistant to pests and diseases. In Romania, Germany, Hungary, Switzerland and northern France are represented interspecific hybrids and new resistant varieties. In the north-east of America, on the border with Canada, grown varieties Vitis labrusca and Vitis species in the south rotundifolia. However, in these humid regions is crucial in the selection of sites with appropriate climatic and soil conditions. The choice of suitable climatic conditions is important for conventional viticulture in order to get the best quality of grapes and wine.

Organska proizvodnja je proces koji razvija održive i opravdane agroekosisteme. Povezanost čoveka, poljoprivrede i lokalnih ekoloških uslova, pruža kvalitetnu hranu za ljude, biljke i životinje u zdravoj životnoj sredini. Postoji nekoliko osnovnih principa i ideja koji objašnjavaju proizvodnju organske hrane u ekosistemu. Organsko vinogradarstvo je proizvodnja u kojoj postoji ravnoteža između ekoloških uslova, sorte i načina kultivacije. Dva osnovna faktora koji određuju koncepte su odabir lokacije i utvrđivanje sortimenata. Organsko vinogradarstvo je široko rasprostranjeno uglavnom u mediteranskim zemljama Evrope kao što su Italija, Francuska i Španija. Mediteranska klima sa toplim i suvim letima i stalnim vazdušnim strujama ograničava razvoj bolesti i štetočina na vinovoj lozi. Isti koncept se ogleda u Kaliforniji, SAD-u i Južnoj Africi. U vinogradarskim zemljama sa humidnom klimom primenjuje se drugi koncept organskog vinogradarstva, a to je primena otpornih sorata na bolesti i štetočine. U Rumuniji, Nemačkoj, Mađarskoj, Švajcarskoj i Severnoj Francuskoj zastupljeni su interspecies hibridi i nove otporne sorte. Na severo-istoku Amerike, na granici sa Kanadom, gaje se sorte vrste Vitis labrusca, a na jugu vrste Vitis Rotundifolia. Međutim, u ovim humidnim oblastima presudan je izbor lokacije sa odgovarajućim klimatskim i zemljišnim uslovima. Izbor pogodnih klimatskih uslova je važan i za konvencionalno vinogradarstvo kako bi se dobili najbolji kvalitet grožđa i vina.