Transformation of the agricultural budget into a financial institution

Abstract

The agricultural budget has played a significant role in the development or agriculture until now. The financial resources of the agricultural budget have to a great part been used to support financially farms thus enabling the introduction of new cattle and pig races, modern machinery and new hybrid cultivars. The agricultural budget has also been used for financing current agricultural production. However, the limiting factors impeding the functioning of the agricultural budget have been the unstable sources for the supply of its resources and the dependence on the decisions of the state (government). The marketing of the resources is based on classical credit relationships which are not in accordance with the specific characteristics of agriculture and the interests of agricultural producers, transitional processes spreading to all the fields of economy including agriculture. The functioning of the agricultural budget is such that it does not ensure capital reproduction. Based on the experience of developed countries it has been pointed that state capital intended for agricultural business can be diverted on to agriculture, e.g. its profound functioning, thanks to stockholder capital. The stockholder capital of the agricultural budget may be expected to increase permanently by ensuring its reproduction based on the stockholder principle and gaining dividends from the part of the stockholder.

U dosadašnjem razvoju poljoprivrede Agrarni budžet je imao značajnu ulogu. Najvećim delom sredstva Agrarnog budžeta su korišćena za podršku zemljoradničkim gazdinstvima u uvođenju novih rasa goveda i svinja, savremene mehanizacije i podsticanju primene novih sorti hibrida. U značajnoj meri Agrarni budžet je korišćen i za finansiranje tekuće poljoprivredne proizvodnje. Ograničavajući faktori za ostvarivanje funkcija Agrarnog budžeta ogledaju se u njegovoj nestabilnosti u pogledu izvora obezbeđenja, kao i neposredne vezanosti za odluke institucija države (vlade). Plasman sredstava se zasniva na klasičnim kreditnim odnosima, koji nisu u skladu sa specifičnostima poljoprivrede i interesima poljoprivrednih proizvođača, kao i procesima tranzicije koji su zahvatili sve privredne oblasti pa i poljoprivredu. Po načinu funkcionisanja Agrarnim budžetom nije obezbeđeno reprodukovanje kapitala. Iskustva razvijenih zemalja ukazuju da se državni kapital namenjen agrobiznisu može kroz akcionarski kapital plasirati u poljoprivredu tj. njegovo potpunije funkcionisanje. Da bi se akcionarski kapital Agrarnog budžeta stalno uvećavao mora se obezbediti njegova reprodukcija na principu akcionarstva i sticanje dividende od strane akcionara.