Energy efficiency of the tomato open filed and greenhouse production system

Abstract

In this paper the influence of tomato production technology and greenhouse construction type on production energy efficiency was analyzed. Influence of greenhouse construction on energy consumption was estimated for four different double plastic covered greenhouses: a tunnel type, covered with 180 µm PE UV IR outside folia, a gutter connected plastic covered greenhouse with 50 µm inner folia and 180 µm outside folia, a multi-span greenhouse with four bays with 50 µm inner folia and 180 µm outside folia and a multi-span greenhouse with thirteen bays were used. Specific energy input, energy output-input ratio and energy productivity were estimated. Results show that there are differences in the open field and greenhouse tomato production. The lowest energy input was measured for the open filed tomato production (18.02 MJ/m2) while in greenhouses in average was 24.13 MJ/m2. Concerning the greenhouses alone, the highest energy input was calculated in the case of tunnel structure, 26.87 MJ/m2. The lowest yield was observed in the open filed tomato production (1.89 kg/m2). The highest yield was achieved in the multi-span greenhouse with thirteen bays (6.08 kg/m2). Analysis showed that tomato production technology influences the energy efficiency and that the type of greenhouse construction has a significant influence on the energy efficiency of the greenhouse tomato production.

U radu je prikazan uticaj tehnologije gajenja paradajza (otvoreno polje ili objekti zaštićenog prostora) na energetsku efikasnost. U tu svrhu praćena je njegova proizvodnja na otvorenom polju i u četiri tipa objekta i to objektu tunel tipa dimenzija 5,5 x 24 m pokrivenog 180 µm PE folijom, zatim u blok objektu sa dva bloka dimenzija 21 x 250 m sa 50 µm unutrašnjom i 180 µm spoljašnjom PE folijom, u blok objektu sa četiri bloka, dimenzija 4 x 8 x 51 m sa 50 µm unutrašnjom i 180 µm spoljašnjom PE folijom i u blok objektu sa trinaest blokova dimenzija 13 x 12 x 67,5 m sa 50 µm unutrašnjom i 180 µm spoljašnjom PE folijom. Na osnovu energetskog ouput-a i energetskog input-a, specifična potrošnja energije, energetski odnos i energetska produktivnost su određene. Rezultati pokazuju da postoje razlike u potrošnji energije u proizvodnji na otvorenom polju i u objektima zaštićenog prostora. Najniža potrošnja energije zabeležena je na otvorenom polju (18,02 MJ/m2) dok je potrošnja energije u objektima zaštićenog prostora u proseku bila 24,13 MJ/m2. Ako se međusobno uporede samo objekti zaštićenog prostora, najviše energije je utrošeno u objektu tunel tipa 26,87 MJ/m2. Najniži prinos je ostvaren na otvorenom polju i iznosio je 1,89 kg/m2 dok je najviši prinos zabeležen u blok objektu sa trinaest blokova (6,08 kg/m2). Analiza potrošnje energije je pokazala da tehnologija gajenja paradajza utiče na energetsku efikasnost proizvodnje kao i da se izborom tipa objekta značajno može uticati na energetsku produktivnost proizvodnje.