Pasture in dairy cows nutrition

Abstract

In paper there were considered principles and characteristics of pasture utilization in dairy cattle nutrition and significant factors that affect pasture intake. The effects of supplementary nutrition on production performances of dairy cows were also considered. Milk yield of dairy cows on pasture is limited with inability for DM and energy intake to meet requirements for high milk yield, and by imbalance of fermentable carbohydrates and rumen degradable protein. Intake of DM of the grazing dairy cows may reach 3.25-3.5%o BW. On high quality pasture, energy intake from pasture can meet requirements of dairy cows for milk production of 21-24 kg/day. Crude protein content in consumed pasture meets requirements of dairy cows for 17-33% higher milk yield relative to supplied energy from intake pasture. Milk production increases with the amount of concentrate supplementation up to 10 kg DM/day, as also milk fat and protein yield, while milk fat percentage decreases.

U radu su razmatrani osnovni principi i karakteristike korišćenja paše u ishrani muznih krava, kao i najznačajniji faktori od kojih zavisi mogućnost konzumiranja paše. Razmatran je uticaj dopunske ishrane na konzumiranje paše i proizvodne performanse muznih krava. Prinos mleka kod krava na paši ograničen je nemogućnošću da konzumiraju dovoljno suve materije (SM) i energije za visoku proizvodnju mleka, i neizbalansiranošću fermentabilnih ugljenih hidrata i proteina razgradivih u rumenu. Konzumiranje SM kod krava na paši može dostići 3,25-3,5% TM. U uslovima kvalitetne ispaše, količina konzumirane energije iz paše može podmiriti potrebe krava za proizvodnju mleka od 21-24 kg/dan. Sadržaj proteina u konzumiranoj paši obezbeđuje potrebe krava u laktaciji za 17­33% veću proizvodnju mleka, u odnosu na količinu obezbeđene energije. Prinos mleka kod krava na paši se povećava sa dodatom kolicinom koncentrovane hrane u obroku do 10 kgSM/dan, kao i prinos mlečne masti i proteina, dok se sadržaj masti u mleku smanjuje.