Influence of soil type on yield and quality of some medicinal plants

Abstract

In this paper there are presented results of biannual investigation of the influence of different soil types on yield and quality of some selected medicinal plants. Investigation was conducted on two localities in South Banat (Pančevo -'soil type was humoglay and Kacarevo -soil type was chernozem) and two localities in West Serbia (Gorobilje -soil type was cambysol soils, and Javor - soil type was pseudogley). The yield and quality of above ground parts was examined in following medicinal plants: sweet marjoram, dill, artichoke thyme and horehound, while the yield and quality of seeds was examined in white mustard and cone-flower. The hihgest yields of the above ground parts and seeds of the examined plant species, in both years of investigation, were obtained on soil type chernozem. The highest content of essential oil obtained from above ground parts of plant material (expressed in %) was recorded on cambysol soil. Also, the seeds produced on the same soil expressed the best qualitative properties.

Dati su rezultati dvogodišnjeg ispitivanja uticaja tipa zemljišta na prinos i kvalitet lekovitog bilja. Istraživanja su provedena na dva lokaliteta u Južnom Banatu (Pančevo-zemljište tipa ritska crnica i Kačarevo-zemljište tipa černozem) i na dva lokaliteta u Zapadnoj Srbiji (Gorobilje-zemljište smeđeg tipa i Javor-zemljište tipa pseudoglej). Ispitivan je prinos i kvalitet kako nadzemnog dela (majoran, mirodija, artičoka, timijan i bela očajnica) tako i semena (bela slačica i ehinacea). Najveći prinosi nadzemnog dela i semena u obe godine istraživanja ostvareni su na zemljištu tipa černozem. Najveći procentualni sadržaj etarskog ulja u nadzemnom delu zabeležen je na zemljištu smeđeg tipa, a seme proizvedeno na istom zemljištu imalo je najbolje kvalitativne osobine.