Variability of production characteristics of swine in farms in Serbia

Abstract

Work on pig enhancement will continue to deal with improving reproduction characteristics, growth characteristics, feed utilization, trunk and meat quality, and management confidence. On the one hand, adequate methods of quantitative and mollecular genetics will be used, and on the other there will be efforts to increase probability that genetic potential of the animal is exhibited in practical conditions. The objective of this work was to see how and to what extent genetic potential in swine is exhibited in practical conditions. The variability of production characteristics of swine in farms in the Republic of Serbia was examined during a period of 10 years (1991-2000). Reproductive, fattening and trunk quality characteristics varied among farms, genotypes and year of investigation. The average revealed analyzed characteristics in swine are not satisfactory. There is a wide range in the variation of all characteristics among the farms. There are differences between the characteristics of the same swine genotype with regard to the tendency they exhibit per year or farm. Some of them have not shown a clear tendency to increase or reduce, but varied from year to year. The effects of selection and cross-breeding differed considerably.

U oplemenjivanju svinja i dalje će se raditi na poboljšanju reproduktivnih osobina, osobina porasta, iskorišćavanja hrane, kvaliteta trupa i mesa i udobnosti menadžmenta. S jedne strane koristiće se adekvatne metode kantitativne i molekularne genetike, a sa druge će se nastojati povećati verovatnoća da se genetski potencijal grla ispolji u praktičnim uslovima. Koliko je i kako ispoljen genetski potencijal svinja u praktičnim uslovima bio je cilj ovog rada. Varijabilnost proizvodnih osobina svinja na farmama u R. Srbiji ispitivana je u desetogodišnejm periodu (1991-2000. god). Reproduktivne, tovne i osobine kvaliteta trupa svinja variraju između farmi genotipova i godina ispitivanja. Prosečna ispoljenost analiziranih osobina svinja je nezadovoljavajuća. Širok je raspon variranja svih osobina svinja između farmi. Razlike postoje između osobina istog genotipa svinja s obzirom na tendenciju koju ispoljavaju po godinama i farmama. Neke od njih nisu ispoljile jasan trend povećanja ili smanjenja već su varirale iz godine u godinu. Efekti selekcije i ukrštanja su veoma različiti.