Pomological properties of sweet cherry cultivars grafted on 'colt' rootstock

Abstract

Pomological properties of 11 newly sweet cherry cultivars grafted on Colt rootstock were studied in the region of Macva over a three-year period (2010- 2012). An investigation has included phenological traits (flowering and maturing), the elements of productivity (number of flowers in an inflorescence, fruit set and yield), the most important fruit characteristics (physical, chemical and sensory), and fruit cracking index. Average time of flowering of tested cultivars was in the first and the second decade of April, while the maturing time was between 15 May ('Early Lory') and 20 June ('Penny'). The highest yield was achieved by cultivars 'Giorgia', 'Sunburst', and 'Crystalina'. Large fruit size was found in cultivars 'Penny', 'Santina', 'Sunburst', 'Olympus', and 'Kordia'. The lowest susceptibility to fruit cracking was manifested in cultivars 'Early Lory' and 'Giorgia'. Cultivars 'Kordia' and 'Cristalina' were given the highest sensory ratings. Overall, the best results were shown by medium-early season cultivar 'Santina', which can be recommended for commercial cultivation. In addition, the early-season cultivar 'Early Lory', and the late-season cultivar 'Kordia' can also be recommended for cultivation.

Proučavane su pomološke osobine 11 novijih sorti trešnje kalemljenih na podlozi Colt na području Mačve u periodu od tri godine (2010- 2012). Istraživanja su obuhvatala fenološke osobine (vreme cvetanja i zrenja), elemente rodnosti (broj cvetova u cvasti, zametanje plodova i prinos), najvažnije osobine ploda (fizičke, hemijske i organoleptičke), kao i indeks pucanja ploda. Prosečno vreme cvetanja ispitivanih sorti je bilo u toku prve i druge dekade aprila, dok je vreme zrenja bilo u periodu od 15. maja (Early Lory) do 20. juna (Penny). Najveći prinos ostvarile su sorte Giorgia, Sunburst i Cristalina. Po velikoj krupnoći ploda ističu se sorte: Penny, Santina, Sunburst, Olympus i Kordia, dok se najmanjom osetljivošću na pucanje ploda odlikuju sorte Early Lory i Giorgia. Najviše senzoričke ocene su dobile sorte Kordia i Cristalina. Ukupno posmatrano, najbolje osobine pokazala je srednje rana sorta Santina, koja se može preporučiti za komercijalno gajenje. Pored nje, za gajenje se takođe mogu preporučiti i rana sorta Early Lory, kao i pozna sorta Kordia.