Influence of agro-ecological conditions and foliar fertilization on yield and yield components of buckwheat in conventional and organic cropping system

Abstract

Forgotten or neglected arable land plants, such as buckwheat, are becoming increasingly important in crop production. Grain and one seed nuts are in the usage for humans and domestic animals diet. On the fields of the Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Backi Petrovac, researches were conducted in terms of conventional (2010-2012) and organic cropping systems, 2012. Analysis of the average yields showed that Novosadska buckwheat variety achieved a statistically significantly higher yield in 2010th (2,996 kg ha-1) compared to the 2011th and 2012th (p lt 0.01). The year showed statistical significance based on the analysis of variance. The average yields of Novosadska buckwheat variety, the variant with foliar fertilization in the conventional cropping system, were significantly higher compared with the control. The average yields amounted 1.395 kg ha-1 and were higher by 214 kg ha-1, or 18.12% compared to the control. The average plants height was 144 cm. 1000 grain weight was on the average of 23.72 g for the entire experiment. Average yields in the organic cropping system were higher in variants with foliar fertilization (1322 kg ha-1) by 7% compared to the control and plants were higher by 7.28%. Plants were higher in the organic system of cultivation by 13 cm, or 9% compared with plants grown in conventional cropping system, while the yields fell for 73 kg ha-1, respectively by 5.52%. Foliar fertilizers proved to be a possible method for yield, 1000 grain weight and plant height increasing in conventional and organic cropping systems.

Zaboravljene ili zapostavljene njivske biljke, kao što je heljda, postaju sve značajnije u biljnoj proizvodnji. U ishrani ljudi i domaćih životinja koristi se zrno, odnosno jednosemeni plod orašica. Na parcelama Instituta za ratarstvo i povrtarstvo, u Bačkom Petrovcu, sprovedena su istraživanja u uslovima konvencionalnog (2010-2012) i organskog sistema gajenja, 2012. Analiza prosečnih prinosa pokazala je da je sorta heljde Novosadska ostvarila visoko statistički značajno veći prinos u 2010 (2.996 kg ha-1) u odnosu na 2011 i 2012. godinu (p lt 0,01). Na osnovu analize varijanse godina je pokazala statističku značajnost. Prosečni prinosi zrna heljde sorte Novosadska u konvencionalnom sistemu gajenja, u varijanti sa folijarnom prihranom bili su statistički značajno veći u odnosu na kontrolu. Prosečni prinosi su iznosili 1.395 kg ha-1 u i bili su veći za 214 kg ha-1, odnosno za 18,12 % u odnosu na kontrolu. Prosečna visina biljka iznosila je 144 cm. Masa 1000 zrna iznosila je u proseku za ceo ogled 23,72 g. U organskom sistemu gajenja prosečni prinosi bili su veći u varijanti sa folijarnom prihranom (1.322 kg ha-1) za 7 % u odnosu na kontrolu i biljke su bile više za 7,28 %. Ustanovljene razlike značajnosti sa stanovišta uticaja sistema proizvodnje na prosečne vrednosti ispitivanih osobina statistički nisu bile signifikantne (p >0,05). U organskom sistemu gajenja biljke su bile više za 13 cm, odnosno za 9 % u odnosu na biljke gajene u konvencionalon sistemu gajenja, dok su prinosi bili manji za 73 kg ha-1 odnosno za 5,52 %. Folijarna prihrana pokazala se kao moguć metod za povećavanje prinosa, mase 1000 zrna i visine biljaka u konvencionalnom i u organskom sistemu gajenja.