Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.)

Abstract

Cirsium arvense is perennial broadleaf weed species, reproducing by seeds and creeping roots. It is one of the most feared weeds in all Serbia and as well as in many countries in Europe and in the world. The noxiousness of the C. arvense is due to its creeping root system, every piece of which can give rise to a new plant, and to the numerous seeds which are easily scattered by the wind and which have a great longevity. The leaves of C. arvense vary greatly in the amount of hairiness, degree of lobing and spininess. Canada thistle species has four varieties based on these variations. It is a common weed of small grain crops, row crops, vegetables, orchards, legumes, roadsides, neglected areas, meadows and pastures. It species high adopted on different environmental conditions (type of soil, nutritions, temperature, moisture) and high competitiveness in relation to many crops. Small patches of Canada thistle should be destroyed promptly by digging out the roots, or by covering with heavy mulch paper. In alfalfa and pastures persistant cutting with a scythe or hoe will gradually reduce the thistle. In many crops except cultivation control is possible with application of many herbicides (clopyralid, metsulfuron- methyl, tribenuron-methyl, etc.).

Njivska palamida - Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop. je višegodišnja širokolisna korovska vrsta, koja se razmnožava semenom i vegetativno, putem korena. To je jedan od najčešće prisutnih korova u Srbiji, kao i u mnogim državama Evrope i u svetu. Palamida predstavlja veliki problem zbog intenzivnog vegetativnog razmnožavanja, jer se iz svakog isečka korena može uspešno regenerisati cela biljka. Biljke mogu biti vrlo varijabilne u pogledu maljavosti, oblika i usečenosti listova i trnova. U vezi s tim, u okviru vrste C. arvense postoje 4 varijeteta. Palamida pravi veliki problem kao korov u mnogim usevima (strnim žitima, okopavinama, baštama, povrtnjacima, voćnjacima), pored puteva, na napuštenim terenima, livadama i pašnjacima. Dobro je adaptirana na promenljive uslove vlažnosti, temperature i hraniva u zemljištu. Za efikasno suzbijanje palamide moraju se sistematski primenjivati mere tokom više sezona. Pored redovne obrade zemljišta, nege useva, gajenja kompetitivnih useva i intenzivnog košenja, neizbežna mera je i primena herbicida (klopiralid, metsulfuron-metil, tribenuron-metil, jodosulfuron-metil natrijum + mefenpir-dietil i drugi).