The effect of pollenizer on the fruit set of plum cultivar Čačanska Najbolja

Abstract

In this paper, during a 4-year period (2003-2006) effects of six pollenizers (President, Italian Prune, Stanley, Čačanska Rodna, Agen 707, and California Blue) on the degree of fruit set in the plum cultivar Čačanska Najbolja were examined. Besides the controlled pollination of this cultivar, open pollination was investigated. Functional pollen ability in pollenizer-cultivars was established by in vitro pollen germination. Degree of fruit set was determined comparing the number of fruit set (10 days after pollination, 21 days after pollination and number of harvested fruits) against the number of pollinated flowers. The results indicated that all pollenizer cultivars, studied in this paper, possessed satisfactory in vitro pollen germination (30.1-67.4%). The number of fruit set determined 10 days after pollination was very high and did not differ among pollenizers. Highly significant differences were found between the pollenizers in the number of fruit set 21 days after pollination and significant ones in relation to the number of harvested fruits. Compared to open pollination, higher number of fruit set 21 days after pollination and higher number of harvested fruits were obtained when cultivars Stanley (17.0%; 7.6%) and Italian Prune (14.6%; 6.9%) were used as pollenizers, therefore those cultivars are recommendable as good pollenizers for the cultivar Čačanska Najbolja.

U radu je tokom četvorogodišnjeg perioda istraživanja (2003-2006) ispitivan uticaj šest oprašivača (Prezident, Italijanka, Stenli, Čačanska rodna, Aženka 707 i Kalifornijska plava) na stepen zametanja plodova sorte šljive Čačanska najbolja. Pored kontrolisanog praćeno je i slobodno oprašivanje ove sorte. Funkcionalna sposobnost polena sorti oprašivača ustanovljena je na osnovu in vitro klijavosti polena. Stepen zametanja plodova utvrđen je poređenjem broja zametnutih plodova (10 dana posle oprašivanja, 21 dan posle oprašivanja i broja ubranih plodova) u odnosu na broj oprašenih cvetova. Rezultati istraživanja pokazali su da su sve sorte oprašivači, proučavane u ovom radu, imale zadovoljavajuću in vitro klijavost polena (30,1-67,4%). Broj zametnutih plodova 10 dana nakon oprašivanja bio je veoma visok i nije se razlikovao u zavisnosti od primenjenog oprašivača. Između primenjenih oprašivača utvrđene su veoma značajne razlike u broju zametnutih plodova 21 dan nakon oprašivanja, a značajne u odnosu na broj ubranih plodova. U poređenju sa slobodnim oprašivanjem, veći broj zametnutih plodova 21 dan nakon oprašivanja i veći broj ubranih plodova dobijen je kada su kao oprašivači korišćene sorte Stenli (17,0%; 7,6%) i Italijanka (14,6%; 6,9%) pa se ove sorte mogu preporučiti kao dobri oprašivači za sortu Čačanska najbolja.