Quality and condition of wheat grain (Triticum spp.) during storage

Abstract

The effect of storage on quality and condition of grain of three wheat cultivars (Ljiljana, Dragana and Simonida) selected in Serbia, was studied. Freshly harvested wheat was stored at 25°C for 12 and 20 months. Decreasing of the volume from 812.3 to 727.7 kgm-3 and absolute mass from 38.5 to 33.0% of wheat grain during storage was recorded. Grain germination in interaction of storage duration and temperature remained at the level above 95%. The interaction of studied factors exhibited no statistically significant effect on the changes in the degree of germination of wheat grain. The changes of the acid degree value (2.0- 2.4 ml 1(NaO)/100 g) were at the level of statistical significance. pH value of fresh samples of grain was 6.5 and after 20 months 5.5. The samples tested from the aspect of their glassiness were homogenous, the value of the coefficient of variation for storage duration was CV lt 10%, and for genotypes CV lt 18%. The storage duration of wheat grain mostly contributed to the increase of the acid degree value, and slightly less the genotype, as well as the interaction of these factors.

Ispitivan je uticaj skladištenja na kvalitet i stanje semena pšenice za tri sorte (Ljiljana, Dragana i Simonida) koje su selekcionisane u Srbiji. Posle žetve pšenica je uskladištena na 25°C za 12 i 20 meseci. Zabeležen je pad vrednosti zapreminske 812,3-727,7 kgm-3 i apsolutne mase 38,5 - 33,0% tokom skladištenja semena pšenice. Klijavost semena u interakciji vremena i temperature skladištenja se zadržala na nivou preko 95%. Interakcija ispitivanih faktora nije ispoljila statistički značajan uticaj na promenu stepena klijavosti semena pšenice. Promene kiselinskog stepena (2,0-2,4 ml 1(NaO)/100 g) su na nivou statističke značajnosti. pH vrednost svežih uzoraka semena je bila 6,5 a nakon 20 meseci 5,5. Uzorci testirani na svojstvo staklavosti su veoma homogeni, vrednost koeficijenata varijabilnosti za dužinu skladištenja je Cv lt 10%, a za genotipove Cv lt 18%. Dužina skladištenja semena pšenice najviše doprinosi porastu vrednosti kiselinskog stepena, a nešto manje genotip, kao i interakcija ovih faktora.