Influence of vegetation space and usage of artichoke plant on yield and quality of artichoke seed (Cynara scolimus L.)

Abstract

Rapid development of plantation-commercial production of medicinal plants demands certain quantities of adequate quality seed. Preliminary results for yield and quality of artichoke seed obtained from one-year and two-year crop plants with two variants of vegetation space sizes are presented. The 'Domestic large' variety was tested. The highest yield of seed was achieved in two-year artichoke plants grown in the variant of 70x50 cm row spacing. The lowest yield was achieved in one-year crop, at seeding distance of 70x30 cm. The highest germination energy and total germination as well as the highest value of seed weight were established for the seed deriving from two-year artichoke plants (70x50 cm spacing), and the poorest germination energy and total germination as well as the lowest weight were obtained in the case of seed deriving from one-year artichoke planted at the spacing of 70x30 cm. In both seeding variants of one-year crops (spacing: 70x50 cm and 70x 30 cm), low yield of poor quality seed was obtained, so it should be used in leaf production instead of seed production. Two-year artichoke plants with of 70x 30 cm spacing gave satisfactory yield of good quality seed.

Nagli razvoj plantažne proizvodnje lekovitog bilja zahteva određene količine sortnog semena odgovarajućeg kvaliteta. Dati su preliminarni rezultati prinosa i kvaliteta semena artičoke dobijenog iz jednogodišnjih i dvogodišnjih zasada sa dve veličine vegetacionog prostora. Testirana je sorta 'Domaća krupna'. Najveći prinos semena postignut je u dvogodišnjem zasadu semenskog useva artičoke gajene u varijanti na rastojanju 70x50 cm. Najmanji prinos bio je u jednogodišnjem zasadu sa rastojanjem 70x30 cm. Najbolju energiju klijanja i ukupno klijanje, kao i najveću masu imalo je seme iz dvogodišnjeg zasada sa rastojanjem 70x50 cm, a najslabiju energiju klijanja i ukupnu klijavost kao i najmanju masu imalo je seme iz jednogodišnjeg zasada sa rastojanjem 70x30cm. Obe varijante setve jednogodišnjeg zasada (rastojanje 70x50 cm i 70x30 cm) dobijen je mali prinos semena slabog kvaliteta pa bi ih trebalo koristiti za proizvodnju lišća a nikako za proizvodnju semena. Dvogodišnji zasad sa rastojanjem 70x30 cm dao je zadovoljavajući prinos semena dobrog kvaliteta.