The most important aspects of the programme for prevention and control of mastitis in cows

Abstract

Nowadays all dairy farms are encouraged to practice mastitis control, with the aim to reduce the spread of casual agents of the disease, as well as to contribute to the maintenance of milk quality. The programme used for mastitis prevention and control in cows on a particular farm is influenced by many factors. The basic mastitis control programme includes reducing the infection duration, reducing the new infection rate and monitoring the infection rate. Reducing the infection duration encompasses the treatment of lactating cows, dry period treatment and culling of cows with chronic clinical mastitis. Reducing the new infection rate includes many aspects of milking hygiene and adequately serving and maintaining of milking machinery. Assessment of a herd's mastitis status comprises a check at the herd level, the cow level and the quarter level. The recommended programme is simple, profitable and widely applicable. The majority of countries with a highly developed dairy industry has their own variant adjusted to local needs, especially to the targets of releasing from infection and other quality control criteria.

Danas se sve farme mlečnih krava podstiču na primenu mera preventive pojave mastitisa, u cilju smanjivanja širenja uzročnika ove bolesti, kao i da se doprinese održavanju kvaliteta mleka. Program koji se koristi za sprečavanje pojave i suzbijanje mastitisa krava na određenoj farmi zavisi od mnogih faktora. Osnovni program kontrole mastitisa obuhvata smanjenje trajanja postojećih infekcija, smanjenje stope pojave novih slučajeva infekcije, kao i otkrivanje pojave infekcije mlečne žlezde. Smanjenje trajanja postojećih infekcija uključuje tretiranje krava u laktaciji, tretiranje krava na zasušenju i isključivanje krava sa hroničnim kliničkim mastitisom. Smanjenje stope pojave novih infekcija obuhvata brojne aspekte higijene muže, adekvatno servisiranje i održavanje aparata za mužu. Ocena statusa stada u pogledu mastitisa obuhvata proveru stope njegove pojave kako u odnosu na krave tako i u odnosu na svaku četvrt vimena. Preporučeni program je jednostavan, profitabilan i široko primenljiv. Većina zemalja sa značajnom industrijom mleka ima svoju varijantu programa prilagođenu lokalnim potrebama, naročito ciljevima oslobađanja od infekcije mlečne žlezde i drugim kriterijumima kontrole kvaliteta mleka.