Modern technologies in ensiling maize and lucerne

Abstract

In this paper we present the overview of the modern techniques for ensiling of maize and lucerne in order to obtain maximal quality and preservation of their nutritive value. I recent times it can be observed that special hybrids are being produced for maize silage, with the aim of greater digestibility. In previous decades investigations were focused on brown-midrib hybrids (bm3) due to their lower lignin content and increased in vitro NDF digestibility. In recent years much of the emphasis is placed on leafy maize hybrids for silage, which have large proportion of leaves , higher moisture in the grain and softer texture of the cob. In order to increase nutritive value of maize silage also the high oil and waxy hybrids are produced. In order to achieve maximal quality of lucerne silages and control in nutrient degradation during the ensiling process the various technological methods are developed, such as wilting, carbohydrate stimulation, inoculation and chemical conservation. Along with those methods which are not new, in recent times the selection of legume cultivars suitable for ruminant digestion is becoming important, and also genetic manipulations with the aim to decrease proteolysis during the ensiling process.

U radu je dat pregled savremenih postupaka pripremanja silaže kukuruza i senaže lucerke, koji se preduzimaju u cilju postizanja maskimalne hranljive vrednosti. Za pripremanje kuruzne silaže sve više se radi na selekcionisanju specijalnih hibrida povećane svarljivosti. Ranijih decenija su bili veoma aktuelni brown-midrib hibridi (bm3) zbog znatno nižeg udela lignina a time i povećane in vitro svarljivosti NDF vlakana. Zadnjih godina su dosta ispitivani leafy hibridi kukuruza za silažu, koji se karakterišu velikom količinom lišća, većim udelom vlage u zrnu i mekšom teksturom klipa. U cilju povećanja hranljive vrednosti kukuruzne silaže, gaje se hibridi sa povećanim sadržajem ulja- voskovci (waxy) i dr. U cilju postizanja maksimalnog kvaliteta silaža i kontrole degradacije hranljivih materija, u toku siliranja leguminoza koriste se različiti postupci kao što je provenjavanje, ugljenohidratna stimulacija, inokulacija i hemijsko konzervisanje. Pored ovih tehnologija starijeg datuma, u zadnje vreme vrši se selekcija sorti leguminoza na ruminalnu razgradivost, kao i genetske manipulacije u cilju smanjenja proteolize.