Justification for the introduction of mechanized harvesting raspberry in Serbia

Abstract

The collection of fruit for its specifics in many ways different from harvesting other agricultural crops. When harvesting berries where the ramified bushes (dissipating the picking), small fruits, the need to harvest done on several occasions, because the fruits do not ripen at the same time, requires a large proportion of the workforce. The fact that hand-picking raspberries participate up to 70% of total production costs, indicates the necessity mechanized harvesting process. In order to achieve the criteria to grow the crop, which imposes the global market it is necessary to achieve the level of quality and quantity of production. Therefore, intense raspberry production requires the use of modern agricultural technology in the construction and cultivation of raspberry, and it is necessary to calculate the cost and production costs to maintain competitiveness in the market. Mechanized harvesting process is necessary in order to hand over to pick the length of time of operations, reduce the number of employees, increase productivity and reduce costs by up to several times.

Ubiranje voća po svojim specifičnostima u mnogome se razlikuje od ubiranja ostalih poljoprivrednih plodova. Pri ubiranju jagodastog voća gde zbog razgranatosti žbunova (razgrtanje pri branju), sitnih plodova, potrebe da se berba obavi u nekoliko navrata, pošto plodovi ne sazrevaju istovremeno, zahteva veliki udeo radne snage. Činjenica da ručna berba maline učestvuje i do 70 % ukupnih troškova proizvodnje, upućuje na nužnost mehanizovanja procesa berbe. Da bi se postigli kriterijumi u proizvodnji maline koje nameće svetsko tržište neophodno je ostvariti nivo u kvalitetu i kvantitetu proizvodnje. Zbog toga intenzivna proizvodnja maline zahteva primenu savremene agrotehnike pri podizanju i gajenju malinjaka, a neophodno je izračunati ekonomičnost i troškove proizvodnje, da bi se održala konkurentnost na tržištu. Mehanizovanje procesa berbe je neophodno kako bi se u odnosu na ručno branje skratilo vreme izvođenja operacije, smanjio broj radnika, povećala proizvodnost i smanjili troškovi čak za nekoliko puta.