Rationalization of apple transport from orchard

Abstract

In intensive fruit production, especially in fruit farms, high yields are achieved. Large number of fruits makes organization of picking and further manipulation very challenging. Transport issue in fruit production was always attendant, but in extensive technologies was solved by engaging larger number of labor. Because of the specific production, transport in this section represents complex and combining problem depending on a large number of factors. From previous reasons the objective of this study was to investigate four different ways of apple fruits manipulation from between row distance. Experiment was done in 6-year-old apple orchard, with planting distance 5 x 3 m, with modified spindle bush training system. Results from this study made possible to define the method that demanded the least labor for the nearest time period. Time consumption of apple transport from orchard was recorded over number of cycles and fruit quality. The pallets-system during apple harvest time represented positive trend in decreasing of time necessary for transport up to three times. This fact refers to the necessity of more often pallet-system transport applying.

Intenzivnom voćarskom proizvodnjom naročito u plantažnim zasadima ostvaruju se visoki prinosi po jedinici površine. Velika količina plodova usložnjava organizaciju ubiranja i dalje manipulacije. Problem transporta u voćarskoj proizvodnji oduvek je bio prisutan a kod ekstenzivnih tehnologija se rešava većim angažovanjem radne snage. Transport u ovoj oblasti zbog specifičnosti, predstavlja složen i kompleksan problem a čine ga veći broj faktora. Iz prethodno navedenih razloga predmet istraživanja u ovom radu su bila četiri različita načina iznošenja plodova jabuka iz međureda zasada. Merenja su sprovedena u zasadu jabuke starosti 6 godina, zasađenog na razmaku 5 x 3 m uzgojnog oblika modifikovani vretenasti žbun. Rezultati istraživanja su omogućili definisanje postupka koji angažuje najmanje ljudskog rada i ostvaruje se za najkraći vremenski period. Vreme utrošeno na proces izvoženja plodova iz voćnjaka je praćeno preko broja ciklusa i kvaliteta plodova. Primena sistema paletizacije u procesu berbe jabuka, pokazuje pozitivan trend u smanjenju vremena transporta po jedinici prinosa i do tri puta. Ta činjenica upućuje na neophodnost veće primene paletnog sistema transporta.