Domestic results of the ensiling of annual legumes and cereals combination produced in conjunction

Abstract

The domestic results of the ensiling of annual legumes and cereals combination produced in conjunction are presented in the paper. The technology of conjunction production of vetch or peas with cereals in order to produce green mass as fodder or for silage is accepted in many farms in Serbia and was used for decades. With conjunction production of annual legumes the problem of their support is biologically solved and silage with more balanced chemical composition and nutritive is obtained. Contrary to that, production of soy or faba beans in conjunction with maize, and preparing silage of that biomass is present only in scientific papers and very rarely in practice today. The main reason for that is problem with sowing annual legumes and very small percentage of those species in total plant mass. As an alternative to that, in some papers the kidney beans production as annual legume was described in conjunction with maize. The kidney beans proportion in total bio mass was up to 30%, which is significantly improving protein value of produced silage with its maximum quality.

U radu su prikazani domaći rezultati siliranja različitih združenih useva jednogodišnjih leguminoza sa strnim ili prosolikim žitima. Tehnologija gajenja združenih useva grahorice ili graška sa strnim žitima u cilju proizvodnje biomase u zelenom konvejeru ili za silažu prihvaćena je na mnogim farmama Srbije i koristi se decenijama. Pri združenom gajenju jednogodišnjih leguminoza rešava se biološki problem polegljivosti leguminoza i dobija se silaža sa bolje izbalansiranim hemijskim sastavom i hranljivom vrednošću. Nasuprot tome, gajenje soje i boba u združenoj setvi sa kukuruzom i siliranje takve biomase je za sada prisutno samo u naučnim radovima, a vrlo malo i u praksi. Glavni razlog za to je zasenjivanje jednogodišnjih leguminoza, odnosno jako malo učešće ovih vrsta u ukupnoj biljnoj masi. Kao alternativa tom problemu u nekim domaćim ogledima nudi se gajenje pasulja kao jednogodišnje leguminoze u kombinaciji sa kukuruzom. Učešće biomase pasulja u ukupnoj biomasi za siliranje iznosi i do 30%, usled čega se bitno povećava proteinska vrednost takve silaže uz njen maksimalan kvalitet.