Genotype soybean specifics in intensive nitrogen fertilization conditions

Abstract

The purpose of this study was the impact of increasing amounts of nitrogen on production traits of soybean genotypes of different maturity group. The three-year experiments were performed on the experimental field of the Institute Tamiš in Omoljica on the chernozem soil type. Subjekts of these studies were genotypes Sava, Valjevka, Proteinka, Diva, Venera and Mima. The results showed that on this soil nitrogen did not affect the examined production traits (mass of seeds per plant, 1000 seed weight and total yield). Variations of these traits were significant for varieties and years of research. The best production traits had a variety Sava, achieving three-year yield average of 4028 kg ha-1. The biggest seeds had variety Valjevka (average mass of 1000 seeds 145 grams). Favorable weather conditions in the second year primarily rainfall layout during the vegetation period of soybean have influenced the significant increase in seed yield. The average yield for all varieties of 4015 kg ha-1 was higher than in years with low rainfall for about 19%.

Cilj istraživanja bio je uticaj rastućih količina azota na proizvodne osobine genotipova soje različite grupe zrenja. Trogodišnji eksperimenti izvedeni su na oglednom polju Instituta Tamiš u Omoljici na zemljištu tipa černozem. Predmet istraživanja su genotipovi sava, valjevka, proteinka, diva, venera i mima. Rezultati su pokazali da na ovom zemljištu azot nije uticao na ispitivane proizvodne osobine (masa semena po biljci, masa 1000 semena, ukupan prinos semena). Variranja ovih osobina bila su značajna po sortama i godinama istraživanja. Najbolje proizvodne osobine imala je sorta sava kojom je u trogodišnjem proseku ostvaren prinos semena od 4.028 kg ha-1. Najkrupnija semena imala je sorta valjevka (prosečna masa 1000 semena 145 grama). Najpovoljniji vremenski uslovi u drugoj godini, u prvom redu raspored padavina tokom vegetacionog perioda soje, uticali su na značajno povećanje prinosa semena. Prosečan prinos za sve sorte od 4.015 kg ha-1, bio je veći nego u godini sa najmanje padavina za oko 19%.