Influence of planting density on vigor in peach and nectarine orchard

Abstract

Peach production in highly developed countries (France, USA, Greece, Italy) is about 20 t/ha, but average yield in Serbia is much lower. One of the main prerequisite to obtain regular and high yields in peach and nectarine orchard of Serbia is to introduce new training systems. Investigations were done in Fruit research station of the Institute PKB Agroekonomik in Padinska Skela near Belgrade. Orchard was done with vineyard peach seedlings planted and grafted directly on place. Sloping leader was used as training system. Planting distance was 3.5 x 1 m and 3.5 x 1.5 m. In standard trial one year old fruit trees were planted at distance 4 x 2 m with fuseto and at 4 x 4 m with open vase as training systems. Results of three year research how planting distance was influenced on tree vigour parameters of the peach Autumn Glo and clone of nectarine Stark Red Gold was shown. Planting density has significant influence on diameter of epibiote and hypobiote trunk so as on decreasing of central leader vigor.

Prosečni prinosi breskve u zemljama sa razvijenom voćarskom proizvodnjom (Francuska, SAD, Grčka, Italija) su oko 20 t/ha, dok su prosečni prinosi breskve u Srbiji značajno manji. Jedan od osnovnih preduslova za postizanje redovnih i visokih prinosa breskve i nektarine u Srbiji je uvođenje novih sistema gajenja i uzgojnih oblika. Istraživanja su obavljena u ogledno-proizvodnom zasadu Instituta PKB Agroekomik u Padinskoj Skeli. Podizanje zasada je obavljeno sadnjom i kalemljenjem sejanaca vinogradske breskve na stalnom mestu na rastojanju 3,5 x 1 m i 3,5 x 1,5 m , i formiranjem uzgojnog oblika kosa vođica. Standardni deo ogleda je podignut sadnjom jednogodišnjih sadnica na rastojanju 4 x 2 m uz primenu fuzeta, i 4 x 4 m uz primenu kotlaste krune. Ispitivan je uticaj gustine sadnje na bujnost stabala breskve Autumn Glo i klona nektarine Stark Red Gold. U radu su prikazani trogodišnji rezultati ispitivanja parametara bujnosti. Gustina sadnje je ispoljila značajan uticaj na prečnik debla podloge, prečnik debla sorte i visinu ispitivanih stabala.