Bacterial diseases of hazelnut

Abstract

Hazelnut production is a fast growing production in Serbia lately. Bacterial diseases, resulting in premature dieback of plants in commercial orchards, are well known problem in countries with long hazelnut growing tradition. Consequently, it reduces the yield and quality of nuts, but in a long term it causes reduction of the exploitation period end serious economical loss. Last years, symptoms resembling those caused by bacteria, were observed in hazelnut orchards grown in Serbia. Due to low disease intensity and sporadic appearance bacterial diseases of hazelnut received no adequate attention from our plant pathologists and therefore were not studied in details. Aim of this paper is to point attention on economical importance of hazelnut bacterial diseases, their spread, characteristics of the pathogen, and factors contributing to the disease occurrence. Information on symptom differentiation and pathogen biology are important for accurate disease diagnosis and pathogen identification, which is ground for effective and timly protection strategy.

Proizvodnja leske intenzivno se širi poslednjih godina u Srbiji. U područjima sa dugom tradicijom u gajenju ove jezgraste voćke, dobro su poznate pojave prevremenog sušenja i izumiranja biljaka, usled pojave bakterioza u komercijalnim zasadima. To za posledicu ima smanjenje prinosa i kvaliteta plodova, a dugoročne posledice nastaju usled skraćenja eksploatacije zasada, kada i nastaju najveće ekonomske štete. Poslednjih godina, u zasadima leske na teritoriji Srbije, zapaženi su simptomi koji ukazuju na potencijalnu bakterioznu prirodu oboljenja. Nizak intenzitet simptoma, sporadična pojava, ali i nedovoljno interesovanje za fitopatološke probleme ove biljne vrste, razlog su slabog poznavanja pomenute problematike u nas. Cilj rada je da se skrene pažnja na ekonomski značaj bakterioza leske, rasprostranjenost, osnovne karakteristike patogena, kao i činioce koji doprinose pojavi i širenju bolesti. Poznavanje simptomatologije i biologije patogena od značaja je za pravilnu dijagnozu oboljenja i identifikaciju prouzrokovača, a predstavlja, takođe, osnovni preduslov za pravovremenu i uspešnu zaštitu.