Effects of using ameliorative tillage system on soils of heavy mechanical composition in field crops production

Abstract

In this paper influence of two tillage systems for soils of heavy mechanical composition (conventional with bottom plough and ameliorative tillage system) is analyzed. The emphasis of research, in addition to other secondary effects, is focused on the yield and the cost of production of main field crops as relevant indicators of efficiency of plant production. Production of field crops with conventional tillage system gave satisfactory yields, characteristic for a given agro-climatic conditions (quantity and distribution of rainfall, soils of heavy mechanical composition). Ameliorative tillage system of soils of heavy mechanical composition in comparison to conventional system achieved significantly higher yields of crops in dry years (8.6% sunflower, 9.9% corn), and even more in years with a lot of rainfall (21% wheat ). The research is necessary to continue in order to see the effects of ameliorative tillage system on other breeding plants, and also for observing the effects of continuous usage of this tillage system (in second, third and fourth year of production).

U radu je analiziran uticaj dva sistema obrade zemljišta teškog mehaničkog sastava: konvencionalni izveden pomoću raonog pluga i sistem meliorativne obrade. Akcenat istraživanja je, pored ostalih pratećih efekata, usmeren na prinos i troškove proizvodnje glavnih ratarskih kultura kao relevantnih pokazatelja efikasnosti biljne proizvodnje. Proizvodnja ratarskih kultura izvedena konvencionalnim sistemom obrade dala je zadovoljavajuće prinose, karakteristične za date agroklimatske uslove (količine i raspored padavina, zemljište teškog mehaničkog sastava). Meliorativnim sistemom obrade zemljišta teškog mehaničkog sastava u odnosu na konvencionalni sistem postižu se značajno veći prinosi ratarskih kultura u sušnim godinama (8,6% suncokret, 9,9% kukuruz), a još više u godinama sa izraženim periodima prevlaživanja zemljišta (21% pšenica). Ova istraživanja je potrebno nastaviti zbog sagledavanja efekata primene sistema meliorativne obrade zemljišta i na druge gajene kulture, kao i radi sagledavanja efekata produženog dejstva primene ovog sistema obrade (u narednim proizvodnim godinama).