The most common failures in dairy and pig farms biosecurity ensuring

Abstract

The most important failures in obtaining required level of biosecurity on dairy and pig farms, based on selected indicators are given in this paper. These indicators are include farm biosecurity level estimation, isolation level, newly acquired animals introduction into the herd, estimation of herd health, employees attitude towards equipment, in-farm traffic, visitors regime, feed safety and watering, manure management, dead animals removal, sanitation, etc. According presented, achieved biosecurity level is mostly satisfying, but there is a lot of critical pints in technological chain where infective agents could penetrate and compromise production, especially at dairy farms. Generally, biosecurity concept fragments are present, as well as lack of explicit instructions for everyday work. Assessment of reached biosecurity level based on presented indicators should be routine pattern to scrutinize actual farm situation, indicating the way to act in future. Instructions and bylaws concerning biosecurity issues must be clearly defined, consistently and systematically applied, and achieved results analyzed.

U ovom radu razmatrani su najznačajniji propusti u obezbeđenju potrebnog nivoa biosigurnosti na osnovu sagledavanja indikatora biosigurnosti na kritičnim tačkama proizvodnje, koji uključuju: ocenu postavke biosigurnosti na farmama goveda i svinja, ostvareni stepen izolacije, ocene načina uvođenja novonabavljenih grla, zdravstveni status zapata, odnos osoblja prema raspoloživoj opremi, ocene kontrole kretanja i prometa unutar farme, režim poseta, bezbednosti ishrane i napajanja, izđubravanja, uklanjanja leševa, i preduzetih mera sanitacije. Na osnovu utvrđenih rezultata može se zaključiti da je ostvareni nivo biosigurnosti uglavnom zadovoljavajući, ali ostaje još mnogo kritičnih mesta u tehnološkom lancu koji mogu dovesti do prodora infektivnog agensa i ugrožavanja proizvodnje, što posebno važi za govedarske farme. Fragmenti koncepcije biosigurnosti generalno postoje, ali i nedostatak jasnih pisanih uputstava, koja moraju postati uobičajena praksa u svakodnevnom radu i način rešavanja problema u ostvarivanju zadovoljavajućeg nivoa biosigurnosti. Ocena stanja biosigurnosti na osnovu navedenih indikatora bi trebalo da postane rutinski mehanizam u proceni biosigurnosti na farmi, koji ukazuje na pravac daljeg delovanja i njihovog unapređenja. Uputstva i pravilnici koji definišu pitanja biosigurnosti moraju biti jasno definisani i u pisanoj formi, dosledno i sistematski primenjivani, a ostvareni rezultati analizirani i usavršavani.