Actual assortment of mineral fertilizers in Serbia and their quality and problems of applications

Abstract

In this paper were analyzed data from domestic production, import, turnover and quality control of mineral fertilizers in Serbia before and after 1990. The aim of analyze was to find reason and consequence of inadequate use of fertilizers for plant nutrition over the last years. According to this data average use of fertilize on our land (less than 80kg/ ha, active NPK matter), which is three times less then in other agricultural countries and third of use in Serbia before 1990, it can be conclude why production of many cultivated grass especially cereal grains is on low profitability range. In addition to increasing prices of fertilizers and unpromising position of agricultural producers, more reasons of reduction fertilizers use are: demagnification domestic production, import, turnover and very often unsuitable quality for our real requirement.

U radu su analizirani podaci o domaćoj proizvodnji, uvozu, prometu i kontroli kvaliteta mineralnih đubriva u Srbiji pre i nakon 1990. godine, a sve u cilju tumačenja razloga i posledica njihove nedovoljne upotrebe u ishrani gajenih biljaka poslednjih godina. Prema tim podacima, sa prosečnom upotrebom đubriva na našim obradivim poljoprivrednim površinama (ispod 80 kg/ha, aktivne NPK materije), koja je za oko tri puta niža nego u razvijeno poljoprivrednim zemljama i oko 1/3 u odnosu na period pre 1990. godine u Srbiji ,može se zaključiti zašto su prinosi mnogih gajenih kultura, posebno žitarica, na donjoj granici rentabilnosti. Pored povećanja cena đubriva i nezavidnog ekonomskog položaja naših poljoprivrednih proizvođača, razlozi za ovakvo smanjenje upotrebe đubriva je i činjenica što je domaća proizvodnja istih drastično smanjena, a uvoz, promet pa i često kvalitet neusaglašen i neadekvatan našim stvarnim potrebama.