Influence of pelleting on microbiological and mycotoxical correctness of feed mixtures with bentonite supplement

Abstract

Influence of pelleting calf feed mixtures supplemented with bentoni on microbiological and mycotoxicological properties was investigated. Microbiological and mycotoxicological quality was investigated at the production day (day 0) and after 45 days of storage. Total count of microorganisms in the pelleted mixture, at the day 0 (280.000/g), was several times lower than in the powdered mixture (2.000.000/g). Similar results were obtained at day 45 when the total number of microorganisms in the pelleted mixture was 270.000/g and 1.800.000/g in the powdered mixture. Number of yeasts and molds at the production day in the pelleted mixture was 650/g, and in the powdered mixture it was 27.000/g. Similar results were obtained 45 days later when the number of yeasts and molds in the pelleted mixture was 540/g, and 16.000/g in the powdered mixture. There were 6 species identified in the pelleted mixture, and 9 species in the powdered mixture at the day of production. Similar mold species ratio in the pelleted (11) and powdered mixture (13) was found at day 45. In the examined samples representatives of Fusarium genus - F. subglutinans i F. verticillioides dominated. Number of sultite-redzcing clostridia in the mixtures, in both observed periods, was similar (below 1000/g of sample). By mycotoxicological analysis of mixtures at the production day, only trichotecene (T-2 toxin) presence was found in amount of 0,337 mg/kg. The applied technological procedure of pelleting with bentonite supplement, had positive influence on the improvement of microbiological and toxicological properties of mixture.

U ogledu je ispitivan uticaj peletiranja krmnih smeša za telad sa dodatkom bentonita na mikrobiološku i mikotoksikološku ispravnost smeša. Brašnasta i peletirana krmna smeša za telad su proizvedene po istoj recepturi. Mikrobiološka i mikotoksikološka ispravnost smeša ispitana je na dan proizvodnje (0-ti dan) i posle 45 dana lagerovanja. Ukupan broj mikroorganizama u peletiranoj smeši, na dan proizvodnje (280.000/g) bio je višestruko manji od broja u brašnastoj smeši (2.000.000/g). Slično je bilo 45 dana kasnije, kada je ukupan broj mikroorganizama u peletiranoj smeši iznosio 270.000/g, odnosno 1.800.000/g u brašnastoj smeši. Broj kvasaca i plesni na dan proizvodnje u peletiranoj smeši bio je 650/g, a u brašnastoj 27.000/g. Slični rezultati utvrđeni su 45 dana kasnije, kada je broj kvasaca i plesni u peletiranoj smeši iznosio 540/g, a u brašnastoj 16.000/g. U peletiranoj smeši na dan proizvodnje identifikovano je 6 vrsta, a u brašnastoj 9 vrsta plesni. Sličan odnos vrsta plesni u peletiranoj (11) i brašnastoj (13) utvrđen je i 45 dana kasnije. U ispitanim uzorcima su dominirali predstavnici roda Fusarium - F. subglutinans i F. verticillioides. Broj sulfitoredukujućih klostridija u smešama, u oba termina kontrole, bio je sličan, odnosno ispod 1000/g uzorka. Ostale vrste patogenih bakterija nisu identifikovane. Mikotoksikološkom analizom smeša na dan proizvodnje utvrđeno je jedino prisustvo trihotecena (T-2 toksin) u količini od 0,337 mg/kg smeše. Primenjeni tehnološki postupak peletiranja, uz dodatak bentonita kao vezivnog sredstva, imao je pozitivan uticaj na poboljšanje mikrobiološke i toksikološke ispravnosti ispitivanih krmnih smeša.