Nourishment of game from the Carnivora order: Damages and benefits in hunting economy, forestry and agriculture

Abstract

An overview of different types of damage caused in hunting grounds and agriculture in general by wildlife from the Carnivora order is given in this paper. Predators present one of the greatest problems for the hunting grounds, since they are destroying primarily progeny and eggs of game while searching for food. Most damage to the stock of game offspring is caused by jackal, who is in expansion in the recent years. Fox is feeding primarily on rodent-type vermin and predates on game offspring only in a small percent. Wolf may cause damage both on game and domestic animals stock. Wild boar may cause significant damage to game stock by predating on progeny of other game species. The brown bear may cause significant damage on corn and wheat crops. Unlike all aforementioned species, who are also scavengers, lynx feeds exclusively on living prey. One of measures for predator population control is considered hunting. Supplemental nutrition of carnivores by carrion is allowed by planning and construction of carrion baits.

U radu je dat pregled različitih oblika šteta koju pravi divljač iz roda zveri, pre svega u lovištima, ali i u samoj poljoprivredi. Jedan od najvećih problema za lovišta predstavljaju predatori, koji u potrazi za hranom uništavaju pre svega podmladak i jaja divljači. Jednu od najvećih šteta na podmladku divljači čini šakal, koji je zadnjih godina u ekspanziji. Nasuprot tome, lisica se hrani pre svega mišolikim glodarima, a u manjem procentu i podmladak divljači. Štete od vuka mogu biti na divljači, ali i na svim vrstama domaćih životinja. Divlja svinja, u ograđenim lovištima, takođe, može da napravi velike štete uništavajući podmladak druge divljači. U pogledu šteta koje čini, jeste medved. Ova vrsta zveri je pre svega biljojed, pa pri ishrani pravi štete u usevima kukuruza i drugih žita, voćnjacima i pčelinjacima. U odnosu na sve pomenute vrste zveri, koje u ishrani rado koriste i lešine, ris se hrani isključivo živim plenom. Selektivni odstrel je jedna od mera za kontrolu brojnosti predatora. Planiranje i izgradnja mrciništa u lovištima omogućava dodatnu ishranu zveri, čime se smanjuju štete na lovnim vrstama divljači.