The influence of conservation tillage of soil on sunflower and maize yield

Abstract

In this paper influence of two tillage systems (conventional and conservation) on sunflower and maize yield is analyzed. The experiments are carried on production fields of Maize Research Institute 'Zemun Polje'. The conventional tillage system gave satisfying yields of both plants. This type of tillage is acceptable in years with medium rainfall during the vegetation period. When amount of precipitation was not evenly distributed during the year, yield was significantly lower, or even omitted if the differences in amount of precipitation were extreme. With conservation tillage system, the yield was higher, in comparison with conventional system, even in the years with medium amount of precipitation during the vegetation period. Sunflower and maize yields were 8.6% and 9.9% higher with conservation tillage system than with conventional system. The research is necessary to continue in order to see the effects of conservation tillage on other breeding plants, and also for observing the effects of continuous usage of this tillage system (in second, third and fourth year of production).

U radu je analiziran uticaj dva sistema obrade zemljišta: konvencionalnog i konzervacijskog na promenu prinosa suncokreta i merkantilnog kukuruza. Ogledi su izvedeni na proizvodnim površinama Instituta za kukuruz 'Zemun Polje'. Konvencionalni sistem obrade dao je zadovoljavajuće prinose kod obe kulture. Ovaj način obrade zemljišta je prihvatljiv u proizvodnoj godini sa umerenim padavinama tokom vegetacionog perioda. Prinosi u godinama sa neravnomernim rasporedom padavina su značajno manji, dok u ekstremnim godinama često izostaju. Konzervacijskim sistemom obrade postižu se veći prinosi u poređenju sa konvencionalnim sistemom, čak i u godinama kada je količina padavina tokom vegetacionog perioda umerena (prinos je veći u odnosu na konvencionalni sistem obrade za: suncokret 8.6%, merkantilni kukuruz 9.9%). Ova istraživanja je potrebno nastaviti zbog sagledavanja efekata primene sistema konzervacijske obrade zemljišta i na druge gajene kulture, kao i radi sagledavanja efekata produženog dejstva primene ovog sistema obrade (u drugoj i trećoj proizvodnoj godini).