The effect of ameliorative tillage on some physical soil properties

Abstract

The paper deals with the effects of ameliorative tillage on the dynamics of some important physical soil properties in maize. The trial was carried-out at the experimental fields Krnjesevci of Maize Research Institute 'Zemun Polje' on meadows chernozem soil type. The following ameliorative and conventional tillage systems were included in investigations: 1. Ameliorativel tillage system - (ATS) - includes new types machines for field systematization-scrapers (USM 5) in autamn, drainage plow on the depth 60-80 cm, and subsoiling with heavy vibratory subsoiler VR 5. on 30-35 cm depth. After basic tillage we prepared soil for seeding with preparation by disking and harrowing 2. Conventional tillage - (CT) - in this case includes ploughing to the depth of 30-35cm + presowing preparation by disking and harrowing was control. The following soil properties were studied: bulk density, total porosity, moisture weight and volume percent, and total water content in different layers in m3, in two period of time after first and after second interrow cultivation in maize on the different depth 0-10; 10-10; 20-30. Ameliorative tillage systems have better effect for all investigated soil properties on this heavy soil type compared with control with classical tillage system.

Ispitivanje uticaja jednog novog sistema meliorativne obrade zemljišta na promene nekih važnijih fizičkih osobina zemljišta u usevu kukuruza obavljeno je na imanju Instituta za kukuruz 'Zemun Polje' u Krnješevcima. U ispitivanju smo imali dve varijante: Var. 1. - Sistem meliorativne obrade zemljišta (ravnanje + rad krtičnog pluga + podrivanje + predsetvena obrada zemljišta); Var. 2. - Kontrola. Konvencionalna obrada zemljišta (oranje raonični plugom + predsetvena obrada zemljišta). Pratili smo dinamiku važnijih fizičkih osobina zemljišta u usevu kukuruza u dva roka posle posle prvog i neposredno posle drugog međurednog kultiviranja. Uzorci su uzimani sa cilindrima po Kopeckom, a dalje obrađeni u laboratoriji. Ispitivani su uticaji meliorativne obrade zemljišta na zapreminsku masu, vlažnost zemljišta, poroznost i količinu vode po hektaru na tri dubine ispitivanja: od 0-10 cm; 10-20 cm; 20-30 cm. Dobijeni rezultati obrađeni su statistički analizom varijanse i pokazali su da postoje brojne statistički signifikantne razlike u vrednostima fizičkih osobina u korist onih na meliorisanom zemljištu u poređenju sa kontrolnom varijantom. Gornji delovi orničnog sloja su rastresitiji na meliorisanoj varijanti tako da su u stanju da prihvate lakše veće količine vode i što je važno da je brže sprovedu u dublje slojeve.