The contemporary methods in the industrial production of animal feedstuffs

Abstract

In the second half of the 20-th century there was a sudden development of feed milling industry, as a result of the need of general progress and improvement of standard of living. Feed milling industry become one of the most developed areas of industry. The development of this industry is based on the use of the latest knowledge in the field of animal nutrition science, engineering and information technologies. As a result, the modern models of mixers are used today, which are able to achieve high degree of homogeneousness of concentrate mixtures, feed shaping machines (pellet mills), equipment for hydro thermal processing (extruders and expanders), devices for addition of fat, robots for bagging and many others. The maximal control and synchronization of work of all these machines is achieved with computers, while quality control in raw materials and final products is done with modern analytical devices. In the production of concentrate mixtures also various additives are used, which have nutritive or pronutritive role, or are important in prophylactic protection of animals and also conditioners. There is an increasing demand for quality control of concentrate mixtures, and the HACCP system is used in recent years to maintain the product’s quality.

U drugoj polovini XX veka dolazi do naglog razvoja industrije hrane za životinje, kao rezultata i zahteva opšteg društvenog progresa i porasta standarda stanovništva. U skladu sa tim, industrija hrane za životinje postaje u mnogim zemljama jedna od najrazvijenijih industrijskih grana. Razvoj ove industrije zasniva se na korišćenju najnovijih znanja iz oblasti nauke o ishrani životinja, zatim mašinske industrije i informatike. U skladu sa tim, danas se koriste savremeni tipovi mešalica kojima se postiže visok stepen homogenosti smeša, mašine za uobličavanje hraniva (peletirke), oprema za hidrotermičku obradu hraniva (ekstruderi i ekspanderi), uređaji za dodavanje velikih količina masti, roboti za uvrećavanje gotovih proizvoda i dr. Maksimalna kontrola i sinhronizacija rada svih ovih mašina obavlja se savremenim kompjuterima, dok se kotrola kvaliteta hraniva i gotovih proizvoda obavlja savremenim analitičkim sredstvima. Pored uobičajenih hraniva, u proizvodnji smeša koncentrata koriste se i različite vrste dodataka, koji imaju hranljivu ili pronutritivnu ulogu, ili su značajni kao profilaktici i kondicioneri. Kvalitet smeša koncentrata je pred sve strožijim kriterijumima, od kojih u zadnje vreme najveći značaj ima HACCP sistem.