Important onion diseases and control measures

Abstract

Diseases cause significant yield and quality losses on onion crops and could be grouped as seed and seedling diseases, root and bulb diseases, foliage diseases and noninfectious disorders. In Serbia, the most economically important are: downy mildew (Peronospora destructor), leaf blight (Botry tis squamo sa), purple blotch (Alternaria po rri) and basal rot (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae). Successful control of significant onion diseases must include numerous cultural operations as well as fungicide application when ever necessary. During this year, the presence of potentially very destructive virus, Iris yellow spot virus, was established. In all onion production countries where IYSV is present, severe loses in onion production was noticed, especially in seed production. That is why it is important to take all available measures in order to prevent further spreading of this potentially very dangerous virus for onion production in our Serbia.

Bolesti mogu izazvati ozbiljne gubitke prinosa i kvaliteta crnog luka. Po svojim specifičnostima, mogu se podeliti na bolesti semena i klijanaca, bolesti korena i lukovica, bolesti lista i abiotske poremećaje. Najznačajnije u našoj zemlji su plamenjača luka (prouzrokovač Peronospora destructor), pegavost lista (Botrytis squamosa), purpurna pegavost (Alternaria porri) i trulež stabla i osnove korena (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae). Uspešna zaštita od najznačajnijih bolesti crnog luka moguća je uz istovremenu primenu brojnih agrotehničkih mera i odgovarajuće hemijske zaštite. Tokom ove godine, u našoj zemlji ustanovljeno je prisustvo novog i potencijalno veoma opasnog virusa žute pegavosti irisa (Iris yellow spot virus, IYSV). U svima proizvodnim područjima luka, gde je ustanovljeno prisustvo IYSV, zabeležena je i njegova velika štetnost, naročito u semenskoj proizvodnji. Zbog toga je neophodno posvetiti pažnju sprečavanju daljeg širenja ovog potencijalno veoma opasnog virusa u proizvodnji crnog luka.