The effect of crop rotation on weed control

Abstract

Successful management of agricultural resources aimed at satisfying the changing human needs, while maintaining or enhancing the quality of the environment and conserving natural resources, indicates a long-term development imperative in stable food production. Advances in productivity, profitability and stability of modern cropping systems that will have to be achieved on an ecologically sustainable basis have global character. The goal of a crop rotation is to create an unstable environment that discourages weeds from becoming established in the field. On the basis of our investigations, it has been concluded that cropping systems have their important application in field crop production with an extraordinary nutritive and protective role in weed control. Crop rotation with various different legume crops will be more important. Cropping systems have effects on weed control. A cropping pattern that includes several crops (two-crop rotation, three-crop rotation) has better effect in terms of weed control, especially against perennial weeds, than continuous cropping of corn, winter wheat or soybean. In the future, cropping systems will have a great importance, especially in extensive low-input technology production and organic farming production.

U radu je ispitivan dugotrajni uticaj različitih plodoreda kao sistema biljne proizvodnje na oraničnim površinama i monokulture na zakorovljenost. Kukuruz kao dominantni usev kod nas u setvenoj strukturi gaji se najčešće u dva sistema biljne proizvodnje, monokulturi i dvopoljnom plodoredu. Ozima pšenica se smenjuje najčešće sa kukuruzom i sojom. Soja je kao usev zastupljena na znatno manjim površinama tako da je vrlo značajan usev na koga se računa u perspektivi u organizaciji savremenih plodoreda. Imajući ove činjenice u vidu, postavili smo zadatak da organizujemo trajne plodorede na Radmilovcu, eksperimentalnom dobru Poljoprivrednog fakulteta u Zemunu. Plodoredi sa različitim usevima su uspostavljeni od 1992. godine i traju do današnjih dana. U ovom radu predstavljeni su rezultati uticaja dvopoljnog, tropoljnog, četvoropoljnog, šestopoljnog plodoreda i monokulture ozime pšenice, kukuruza i soje na korovsku sinuziju. Plodoredi, pre svih, dvopoljni i tropoljni, kao jedan sistem biljne proizvodnje mogu biti efikasniji u suzbijanju korova od monokulture. Monokultura kao sistem kontinuiranog gajenja na istoj površini useva ima veliki uticaj na pojavu korova, naročito višegodišnjih.