Selection of black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.) and evaluation of its fruits usability as biologically valuable food

Abstract

To carry out domestication, five genotypes (B1, B2, R, VG and RK) were isolated from natural populations by selection of black elderberry (Sambucus nigra L.). The most prominent biological-technological characteristics were studied during fruit flowering and ripening. Flowering proceeded in the period from mid-April to the 1st decade of June, while ripening lasted from the 1st decade of August to the 1st decade of October. The largest inflorescences were found in genotype R (14.32 cm in diameter). The highest number of berries per inflorescence (on average, 280), the largest berry (on average, 0.21 g), and the best fruit quality (17.19% dry matter, 11.50% sugars, 35 mg vitamin C, and 2.58 g/l total colored matter) were all demonstrated by genotype VG. In all isolated genotypes fruit demonstrated biologically high quality, which makes it a good raw material desirable for diverse forms of processing. Its high yield level, pronounced resistance to disease agents and pests, as well as adaptability to adverse conditions are a recommendation for organic-based production.

Selekijom crne zove (Sambucus nigra L.) iz prirodnih populacija izdvojeno je 5 genotipova (B1, B2, R, VG i RK), u cilju njihve domestifikacije. Kod izdvojenih genotipova proučene su najvažnije biološko-tehnološke osobine i vreme cvetanja zrenja ploda. Cvetanje se odvijalo u periodu polovine aprila-I dekade juna, a zrenje od I dekade avgusta do I dekade oktobra. Najkrupnije cvasti nađene su kod genotipa R (sa prečnikom od 14,32cm). Najviše bobica po cvasti (prosečno 280), najkrupnija bobica (prosečno 0,21g) i najbolji kvalitet ploda (sa 17,19% suve materije 11,5% šećera, 35mg vitamina c i 2,58 g/l ukupnih bojenih materija) ispoljio je genotip VG. Kod svih izdvojenih genotipova plod je ispoljio biološki visok kvalitet, što ga preporučuje kao dobru sirovinu za različite vidove prerade. Njihova dobra rodnost, izražena otpornost prema prouzrokovaču bolesti i štetočina, kao i adaptivnost na lošije uslove, preporučuje ih za gajenje po principu organske proizvodnje. .